The Thought Of Modern State Construction Of Marx And Its Contemporary Enlightenment

This thesis attempts to investigate the construction of modern state in the context of Marxism on the basis of return to its basic viewpoints of modern state's origin,essence,type,function,destiny and so on.Starting from these basic viewpoints,this thesis seeks the theoretical basis for promoting and improving the modernization of China's national governance capacityMarx's thought of the modern state construction is not only the reflection of his thought on the design,construction and organization of modern state but also the specific means of Marxist political Party to realize the modern state's rule.This ideology is embodied in his views on the origin,nature,function and the extinction of state."the dictatorship of the proletariat" is the core of Marx's thought of state construction.On the one hand,based on examining the development history of states and criticizing the realistic capitalistic states,Marx revealed both the state's class nature and the historical limitations of the construction of modern capitalistic states and negated the modern states in the general sense.On the other hand,Marx emphasized that before the arrival of the communist society,the state not only had the political ruling function reflecting the class nature,but also assumed the social management function.More importantly,after the victory of the proletarian revolution,there must be a necessary transitional period,"the dictatorship of the proletariat",before the communist society.The dictatorship of the proletariat means that the state construction is essential during transitional period.The state construction in this period is mainly reflected in the following aspects:first,the newly-established society will have traces of old one,needing to be continuously reformed;second,the bourgeoisie,which has lost its ruling power,is likely to attack and destroy the new regime,so,the dictatorship of the proletariat needs to exercise its duty to defend the regime;third,the state should continue to develop its productive forces and create conditions for both the demise of the state and the complete realization of the communist society.In order to eliminate the state,mankind must construct the state,which is the dialectics contained in Marx's thought of state.The premise of the demise of the state is to construct the state,and the ultimate goal of the state construction is to speed the demise of the state to achieve the communism.Marx's thought of modern state construction originated from his criticism of Hegel's state outlook of rationalism.The formation of the state construction thought from rationalism to historical materialism marks the establishment and development of Marx's thought of modern state construction.Based on the practice of the Paris Commune,Marx elaborated the construction of state power and the dictatorship of the proletariat,demonstrated the possibility of the realization of the "leaping over the capitalistic Kafuding Gorge" in the eastern society,which is the further deepening of his thought of state construction.Marx pointed out that modern states should take civil society as the foundation,people's sovereignty as the value orientation,representative system as the organization form,and human liberation as the developing trend.Marx systematically criticized the deviation of the capital logic of the capitalistic modern state construction from people's sovereignty values,and the deviation of the executive power's control over the legislative power from the principle of check and balance.He also proposed establishing modern states'construction means of the democratic dictatorship of the proletariat by overthrowing the rule of the bourgeoisie dictatorship.Combining the reality of the Soviet Union,Lenin and Stalin enriched and developed Marx's thought of modern state construction,the theory of proletarian violent revolution at the monopoly stage,the theory of the nature and function of proletarian state,and the theory of proletarian dictatorship and democracy.In constructing its modern state,Soviet Union established the national nature of socialism,the socialist public ownership,the organization form of proletariat regime,national electoral system,democratic supervision system.However,there still exist such serious problems as the incompleteness of the new democracy realization,the high uniformity of society and state,fonnalization of supervision and the emergence of the privileged class.Guided by Marx's thought of modern state and Chinese Communist Party,China obtained the theoretical achievements of sinicization,and developed Marx's construction thought of modern state in its modern state construction,namely,the establishment of the modern national developing road,the formation of modern national organization framework,the establishment of the modem state system,and the foundations of modern countries,value identity.In the new historical period,promoting the modernization of China's national governance and solving the difficulties in governing current modernization need to summarize historical experience,promote the modernization of modern state organization construction,system construction and identity construction to further enhance the level of China's modern state construction.