The Study Of The Reshaping Of The Security Order In The South China Sea From The Perspective Of Norm Diffusion

Guided by Norm Diffusion,this paper focuses on the study of the reshaping of the security order in the South China Sea based on the methods of genealogical analysis,historicism,literature analysis and comparative study.The South China Sea security order refers to the interaction between various countries and non state actors driven by social norms in the South China Sea.They cooperate with each other in traditional and non-traditional security fields,or jointly build the South China Sea security mechanisms,and finally form a relatively stable relationship.At present,there are some drawbacks in the study of the security order in the South China Sea,such as the power perspective consists of balance of power theory of peace,hegemonic stability theory,power transition theory,partnership interaction theory,and the institutional perspectives of ASEAN and ASEAN Community,as well as the international law perspective,which can be remedied by Norm Diffusion perspective.With the security order of the South China Sea under the leadership of the United States,from the content point of view,the norms of freedom of navigation,international rules and international law,anti-terrorism and anti-piracy cooperation are the main norms of the United States diffusion in the South China Sea.However,it is hegemonic and top-down.From the perspective of its routes,the "social framing" of deliberate exaggeration of threats incuring social mobilization and the "domestication of international norms" are the main ways.Such a mode of dissufion has won the support and follow by the states in the South China Sea and out of it,and jointly put pressure on China to regulate.From the impact of norm diffusion,one-way and top-down pattern has caused norm conflict and enhanced the risk of military conflict,for which the following aggravates the external institutional conflict between China and ASEAN and makes the arisen of a great clamour of China Threat;especially the game between China and the United States around international rules in the South China Sea makes the norms of the South China Sea becoming increasingly severe.With the reshaping of security order in the South China Sea,it is undoubtedly helpful that some bottom-up norms have been successfully identified and interacted with the top-down norms in a two-way way diffusion.The ASEAN norm,which we are familiar with,is based on consensus and mutual comfort.Practice has shown that it helps to overcome the drawbacks of the diffusion of American norms.The spread of ASEAN norms in the South China Sea is mainly reflected in the expansion of ASEAN organizations and their functions,as well as the continuous expansion of the regional multilateral framework with ASEAN norms as its core.Although the ASEAN norms have influenced the behavior of big powers both inside and outside the South China Sea,they also have some shortcomings,and their role is also influenced by the politics of big powers.In accordance with the ASEAN norms,there also exists the diffusion of China's norms in the South China Sea,which mainly includes the historical rights in safeguarding the rights of the South China Sea,as well as the value-oriented standards of conduct,such as fairness,justice,good governance,inclusiveness and restraint and morality in safeguarding the stability of the South China Sea.However,China's norms currently face obstacles,mainly the monopoly and exclusion of international rule-making powers by Western countries,so the norms in the South China Sea have a greater influence and the influence of China's norms is smaller.In addition,there are also some existing norms in the South China Sea region,which are mainly the norms of social cooperation among the countries concerned in the South China Sea:pluralism,diversity and multilateralism.Because of it,all parties in the South China Sea have always attached importance to political,economic,trade and cultural social structures and emphasized a decentralized understanding of China,which has reduced power games,military conflicts,bilateral and multilateral external institutional conflicts and China is threatening,so we must attach importance to its role in the future.The key of reshaping the security order in the South China Sea is how to carry out effective two-way nom diffusion.First,the inter-regional security regionlism in the South China Sea can serve as a platform for norm diffusion and overcome the obstacles in bottom-up norm diffusion.We need to construct the inter-regional regimes between China and ASEAN,to advance the cooperation and promote the development of the regimes according to the path from Balance of Power to Security Mechanism and to Security Community.Inter-regional dialogues and exchanges have promoted the role of bottom-up norms,which consists of the promotion of the immediate consultation after the conflict,the strengthening of the awareness of regional actors,and to some extent the socialization of China.However,what degree the inter-regionalism transforms bottom-up norms into cooperation issues should be examined.Whether the impact of great power politics on bottom-up norms have been alleviated should be carefully considered.Whether the inter-regionalism make up for the shortcomings of bottom-up norms should be tested in practice.Second,the middle power of Indonesia may become the inside proponent of the norm diffusion.to better advance of the security cooperation between China and Indonesia,China should objectively look at its norm demands and transformation.China should be clear about the illusory nature of its norm demands based on the identity orientation of Indonesia's global maritime powers;but the norm demands that based on the middle power need to be respect;and objectively understands the objectives and ways of its norm demands.Last,the successfully norm diffusion needs the concrete actions.So we should promote the consultation and negotiations about the COC in the South China Sea by the promotion of Maritime Great Power Strategy and the building of the Human Community of Destiny.We also should build a new order of the rule of law in the South China Sea:maintain the UN's authority in the maritime rules;promote the exchange of the international law and the domestic law of the South China Sea,and gradually enhance their voice power in the maritime law of our neighbour states around the South China Sea;and weaken the game with United States in the South China Sea on international rules and international law.And we also should set up a new view of maritime security in the South China Sea:show the responsibility of the great powers and continue to provide public services at sea;promote maritime security cooperation in the South China Sea and actively promote the establishment of a cooperation mechanism;strive to shape the maritime security situation in the South China Sea and safeguard our interests.