| The spirit of human beings about collectivism is very long.The west from primitive commune to ancient Greece,ancient Rome city-states,and then to the common life in the Middle Ages,all show the spirit of collectivism.From the beginning of the Renaissance,human beings have been deeply aware of individuality and established a series of political economic thoughts and sociological theories emphasizing individual rights and personal values on the basis of individuality,thus triggering the western modernization process.The emergence of Marxism revived the spirit of collectivism,which is the reverse of the capitalist disorderly competition on the basis of the Western individualism right.The spirit of collectivism obtains the significance of modernity in Marxism.But in China,from clan society to feudal patriarchal society,all adhere to collectivism orientation.Especially to the establishment of socialist New China,collectivism directly becomes the value choice in the field of political and social thought.The study of collectivism theory has always been one of the hot topics in our academic circles.This paper argues that collectivism is a political and social philosophy,it emphasizes the priority of the collective or society to the individual,emphasizes the pursuit of the public interest and the common good,while caring for the interests of the collective or the individual in the society,that is,the realization of the individual’s interest in the context of giving priority to the collective and social interests.In this paper,the analysis of collectivism in contemporary China can be carried out from two levels.One is the level of collectivism political principle and the other is the moral principle of collectivism.From the aspect of political principle,it can be reflected from two angles of political value and political system.Starting from the philosophical thinking of collectivism and extending to the national level,it is described statically as the value factors of people’s democracy,social equality,safeguarding public interest,and the system level embodied as socialist public ownership is the realistic foundation of collectivism,and the NPC is the political guarantee of collectivism,Democratic centralism is the organizational guarantee of collectivism.From the aspect of moral principle,it dynamically describes the development and change of contemporary Chinese collectivism in our socialist practice.It is found that the moral principle ofcollectivism is restricted by the basic structure of society and evolves into different forms under different social conditions.Concretely presented as the planned economy era of China’s traditional collectivism and market economy under the conditions of collectivism.The basic framework of this study is:The first chapter mainly discusses the connotation of collective,collectivism and contemporary Chinese collectivism.First of all,the paper discusses the connotation of the collective,analyzes it from the general meaning and the theoretical meaning of the collective,and determines the meaning of the collective by analyzing several words which are similar to the collective.Secondly,it discusses the connotation of collectivism.The narrow sense of collectivism is socialist collectivism,which clearly distinguishes itself from non-Marxist collectivism.Finally,focus on contemporary Chinese collectivism,point out the two stages of socialist collectivism in contemporary China,and then define the contemporary Chinese collectivism manifestation.Chapter Two mainly discusses the theoretical sources of collectivism.The value orientation of collectivism is a long history.According to the historical order,the collectivism of the Primitive Society,the collectivism of the Polis community,the patriarchal holism of China,the collectivism of Marxism and the collectivism of the Chinese Communists are discussed successively.In the different stages of the development of human society,different manifestations of the theme of collectivism emerge.The third chapter mainly discusses the contemporary Chinese collectivism theory expression form.That is to observe the manifestation of collectivism in contemporary China from the aspect of collectivism political principle.The principle of collectivism politics can be reflected from two angles of political value and political system.From the angle of political value,the contemporary Chinese collectivism has the value dimension of “the people are masters of their own affairs”,social equality and safeguarding public interest.From the angle of the political system,the contemporary Chinese collectivism forms as follows: The Socialist public ownership is the realistic basis of collectivism,the People’s Congress system is the political guarantee of collectivism,and the democratic centralism is the organizational guarantee of collectivism.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the influence of contemporary Chinese socialistpractice on collectivism.That is to observe the development and change of collectivism in contemporary China from the perspective of collectivism moral principle.Due to the restriction of social basic structure,contemporary Chinese collectivism evolves into different forms under different social conditions.In the socialist practice and exploration since the founding of New China,under the socialist principle,our country has experienced two kinds of system forms of the planned economy and the socialist market economy before the reform.The different economic base system form has different function and influence to the contemporary Chinese collectivism,and the change of economic base system has directly promoted the development and vicissitude of the contemporary Chinese collectivism.Under the planned economy,because of various reasons,the traditional collectivism of our country has changed into "one-sided collectivism",which emphasizes the supremacy of collective and social interests and ignores the reasonable interests of individuals.Under the condition of market economy,collectivism is experiencing the impact of individualism and the baptism of market economy.The fifth chapter mainly discusses the development prospects of the contemporary Chinese collectivism under the condition of market economy.At first,this paper discusses the choice of collectivism under the condition of market economy,and puts forward that we should correctly understand Marx’s "true community" thought and understand the individual correctly.Then it explores the significance of the Chinese traditional culture of "Great Harmony" thought and the Confucian "righteousness and Benefit" to the contemporary Chinese collectivism.At the end of the paper,the main viewpoints of the Community doctrine and the Enlightenment of the social community on the collectivism in contemporary China are discussed. |
