On Productive Relations

The relationship of production is the inevitable form by which human beings make material transformation with nature in order to maintain their existence and development.The production relation is in the basic position in all social relation.It restricts the political,ideological,cultural and other social relation fundamentally.As the core category of historical materialism,production relationship is not only Marx’s deep vision of capitalist society,but also an important dimension of social history evolution.The production relation formed in the process of material production in human society is a complex system,which is composed of many layers and many factors,with its static and dynamic style.The production relation can not only be understood from the point of view of object and intuition,to be recognized as "material interest relationship",but also take into account the examination of subjective dimensions.The production relation is essentially a relationship of "me",which is the condition or form of the individual’s independent activities in the material production activities.Production relations are closely related to productive forces,and productivity is the objectification of human essential power.As a form of "productive forces development",production relations must provide the necessary conditions for the development of human essential forces.In other words,only under these conditions can the essential strength of human beings be fully demonstrated and the autonomous activities of human beings be realized.Therefore,these conditions are the conditions of individual autonomous activities,and they are also produced by the autonomous activities of human beings.Therefore,the relationship of production is manifested as "the condition or form of man’s independent activities",and the contradiction between productive forces and relations of production is thus manifested as the contradiction between material production activities and the forms of independent activities of human beings.The essence of the transformation of production relations is to change the conditions or forms that constrain the development of human beings in order to promote the development of productive forces.In Marx’s view of history,production relationship is an important dimension to understand and grasp human nature and its development.Production relationship constitutes the core of human nature,the progress of production relations confirmed with the perfection of human nature and embodies the improvement of people’s ability to independently act.Under the conditions of different production relations and their historical transformation,the living situation and the development status of human beings are very different.The nature of human being is suppressed,distorted and negated in the private ownership production relations,the human capacity becomes one-sided and deformed,the human independent autonomy is restrained,and the human needs and the means to meet the needs are restricted.In the union of free people,the production relation of private ownership will be abandoned with the high development of social productivity and the elimination of old division of labor,people will realize the joint possession and common control over the relations of social production so as to realize the true possession of the ego essence and realize the all-round free development of mankind.Mankind’s dream of free and all-round development in the future is not a utopian dream without realistic foundation,but an ideal pursuit based on historical inevitability,which is the unification of historical orientation and value orientation.The production relation is an important coordinate and measure of the evolution of social form.It not only shows the background of different social forms,but also depicts the venation of the development of social history.Taking the different levels of production relations as clues to examine the social staging of history,we can present a multidimensional picture of the historical evolution of human society.With the reference coordinate of productive forces,we can judge whether a production relationship is advanced or not,whether it is reasonable,and then judge whether a kind of social form is reasonable.The rationality of production relations determines the rationality of social formation.Production relations play an important role in the evolution of social history,but they are not carried out on their own,but are realized through the cooperation of productivity,class struggle,revolution and scientific and technological progress.In real society,social conflicts and social revolution caused by different interests,unequal status and different values often occur,which endanger social stability and harmony.Social conflict is the fuse of social revolution,and social revolution is the highest form of social conflict.Fundamentally,all social conflicts and social revolutions are rooted in the contradiction between productivity and productive relations.There is a contradiction between productivity and productive relations at every stage of the course of a society’s historical development.A productive relationship has room for survival only at a given level of productivity and under certain historical conditions.Once the basis and conditions of existence have changed,the productive relationship is bound to change,from one form to another,from backward to advanced.Therefore,a productive relationship has life bound and continues to manifest itself as progress essentially.Entering the new era,in order to meet the requirements of balanced and full development of productive forces and the growing needs of the people for a better life,the reform of contemporary social productive relations should adhere to the organic unity of stability and progressiveness,revolutionary and constructive.In the course of the reform of social production relations and the restructuring of interests,the interests of certain individuals or groups may be touched,the psychological difference may be caused,and social unrest may be brought about.All these are the sacrifices and costs made by mankind to realize its own development and historical progress,and all these are the heavy lives that must be borne in the process of the development of human civilization.The cost incurred in the process of the reform of contemporary production relations has historical inevitability.As long as the social productivity has not reached the sufficient degree of accumulation and abundance,and as long as the private ownership exists,the reform of production relations may have heavy costs,but some of the unnecessary costs due to unreasonable and improper behavior can be avoided.Therefore,we should establish a scientific sense of cost and reasonably examine the issue of the cost of reforming the relations of production.