An Analysis Of Old-age Support Status And Its Conception Of The First Generation One-child Parents In Chinese Rural Areas

Birth control policy since the 1970s is one of the most important events which influence Chinese society and family.The policy has produced hundreds of millions of one-child and their parents and families.With the passage of time,the first generation one-child has grown adult,their parents are getting old.Twenty years ago,a scholar has ever pointed out,that one-child and his parents choose coexistence or separation will be the key factor influencing the elderly life of his parents.Ten years ago,the academia also asked a question on "one-child support for his parents'elderly life is reliable or not".Today,tens of millions of one-child parents has entered the ranks of the elderly.The old-age support status and its concept expectations of one-child parents are two aspects almost all researchers must respond when they discuss the problem of old-age support for one-child parents.After the founding of new China,the development pattern of "urban and rural governance respectively,one country two policy" makes it difficult to eliminate the binary economic and social structure between urban and rural areas.Under this background,if we insist there are difficulties when one-child parents in the city provide for the aged,and then,one-child parents in rural areas will face more bigger difficulties when they provide for the aged.Through the exploratory and prospective perspective,based on a sample survey for 720 middle-aged and elderly people in the villages of JIANGSU and SICHUAN,to the non one-child parents as reference,the paper firstly analyzes individual and family characteristics of the investigation object,and then try to statistically describe and comparatively analyze family old-age support status and their concept of two kinds of parents,using multivariate statistical methods,research their influencing factors including the children identity surrounding the related core variables,and come to three conclusions as follows.First,The research found that the first generation married one-child parents and the non one-child parents in rural areas show differences in individual and family characteristics than similar characteristics.the one-child parents are younger and higher culture than non one-child parents;the one-child parents are in marriage more than non one-child parents,their physical condition was significantly better than non one-child parents'.The first-born children are statistically found that individual characteristics,such as their gender,age,educational background,whether have any children and live with their parents,have a significant correlation with whether or not the one-child they are.Research shows that the proportion of married one-child living with their parents is significantly more than the first-born child.However,there is no significant difference on that those one-child parents and the non one-child parents whether to live with their children.Two types of parents on income earned primarily on their own,the proportion of providing by children is smaller,and there was no significant difference.In the year of the family net income,the one-child parents are better than the non one-child parents.There is no significant difference on whether two types of parents have the health care,social security.Second,studies have shown that children identity affect inconsistently the relevant dimensions of rural family support for the elderly parents.Children identity is an important factor to influence the current living way and living satisfaction of parents,compared to the non one-child parents,one-child parents demand more higher living condition,one-child parents and their children are more likely to live in.Children identity does not affect the children support for parents in the daily life;there was no significant difference between the two types of parents.However,compared to non one-child,the one-child's support for parents changes more positively after marriage.In the parent-child interactive economy,on the whole,support of the offspring is larger than the parent,however,with the characteristics of giving more and taking fewer between the one-child parents and children.In the parent-child emotional interaction,the interaction frequency of one-child and parents were significantly higher than non-child families.The identity of children did not significantly affect the parents care for their children family.Parent-child relationships and families with one-children were significantly better than non one-child families.The one-child parents in the life satisfaction was significantly higher than that of non one-child parents,but the identity of children does not affect the life satisfaction of parents significantly.Third,studies have shown that two kinds of parents have the tendency of assimilation to the pension concept,which is mainly due to two kinds of parents living in a common situation of the relatively traditional community culture.On willingness to pension,the proportion of the only-child parents hoping to live with their children is significantly higher than the one of the non-one-child parents,on the objects of the endowment dependence,the proportion of depending on their children is significantly lower than the one of the non-one-child parents.Two types of parents in the living place arrangement,pension plan,and children economy support,have no significant difference.The identity of Children has a significant impact on the choice of a way for parents endowment.The worries of the one-child parents about their pension problem are significantly greater than the ones of the non-one-child parents.These two types of parents have no significant difference in whether their children can support them with money and take care of them sick and old,and whether they feel lonely.Children identity has no significant impact on overall mentality of parents' pension.These two kinds of parents agree that the current and future pension problems are mainly concentrated on the economic supply and taking care of sickness and life.The proportion of two types of parents choosing institutional pension is lower,less than 20%;the proportion of the one-child parents is slightly higher than the one of non-one-child parents,but there are no significant differences between the two.The assessment of children filial piety from the only-child parents is significantly better than the non-one-child parents',but their children identity is no significant effect on the assessment.Through the statistical analysis,compared to the non one-child parents,the rural pension situation of the first generation married one-child parents shows the feature of mingled hope and fear.Rural one-child parents are better than the non-one child parents in children endowment support,who occupy a certain advantage,which will be helpful to their old life.This study argues that risk and the problems of urban one-child parents endowment also exist in rural areas,even more serious.Because rural one-child parents haven't largely entered aging stage,all the problems are still in a latent state,and existing problems are in bud.Thus,the people must hold a cautious attitude to the conclusions of the paper.The pension problems of rural only-child parents may be shown in the next five to ten years,and their possibility and scale will be effected by many factors such as the change of rural living environment,living way between parents and their children,children' ability and willingness of pension supply,parents' pension preparation,and the government support of the one-child family endowment.Therefore,the one-child parents of the first generation in the countryside have to save for a rainy day,change the concept of the traditional pension,and prepare enough in body,money,and thinking as early as possible in order to reserve conditions for independent endowment actively.Being old,they can spend their later life by themselves and couples to help each other.At the same time,the government and society should provide the one-child parents the strong support of economic and social services,for they have made sacrifices and contribution for family planning,and their children should have the filial responsibility to provide basic old-age support for the parents,especially non economic support.