| With the development of the interactive relationship between the media and diplomacy,a new diplomatic model,media diplomacy,has gradually formed.Countries actively engage in media diplomacy,exporting their foreign policies and values by means of media information dissemination,agenda setting,and public opinion influence.Media diplomacy actors generate media diplomatic discourse in the process of discourse interaction.Media diplomatic discourse not only describes and reflects the interactive process of the discourse,but also carries out social construction on it in a targeted manner.As a major diplomatic power,Russia is committed to developing its own media diplomacy and actively constructing media diplomatic discourse to promote the development of diplomatic relations and the enhancement of international discourse power.Its media diplomatic discourse research has attracted the attention of domestic and foreign scholars.There is no lack of expression of emotion,attitude and other kinds of evaluative meaning in the Russian media diplomatic discourse.The study of its evaluative meaning helps to systematically grasp the characteristics and rules of the formation,organization,and construction of the Russian media diplomatic discourse,and reveal the ideology behind it.It is of reference value to the construction of media diplomatic discourse in China.This dissertation makes a critical discourse analysis on the evaluative meaning in the Russian media diplomatic discourse from the perspective of pollical linguistics,combining the theory of appraisal based on systematic functional linguistics and the theory of functional semantics of evaluative meaning,taking the speech and answering reporters’ questions at the annual press conference of the Russian Foreign Minister from 2004 to 2018 as examples and using corpus research methods.The main research issues in this dissertation are as follows:1.At the micro level,what linguistic means are used to express the evaluative meaning in the Russian media diplomatic discourse? How to classify the evaluative meaning in the Russian media diplomatic discourse?2.At the macro level,how to choose the evaluative resources and themes in the Russian media diplomatic discourse? What are the semantic macro-structural features of evaluation in the Russian media diplomatic discourse?3.What kind of political reality is constructed with the expression of evaluative meaning in the Russian media diplomatic discourse? What values are conveyed? How to realize the construction of identity and power relations with the expression of evaluative meaning?In order to solve the research issues in this dissertation,we set up a research analysis framework based on the research theory of evaluative meaning and the research method of Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis,from the perspectives of language,discourse and dialogism make a descriptive and interpretive research on the evaluative meaning in three dimensions of linguistic realization,discourse practice and social practice in the Russian media diplomatic discourse,and specifically draw the following conclusions:First,the linguistic realization of evaluative meaning in the Russian media diplomatic discourse is embodied in the complexity of its linguistic means and the diversity of its semantic types.The linguistic means of evaluative meaning’s expression in the Russian media diplomatic discourse is reflected in various linguistic levels.Among them,the most frequent expression of evaluative meaning is at the lexical level,and the most commonly used vocabulary type is the nature adjective.The expression of evaluative meaning at the syntactic level is mainly based on evaluative sentences with evaluative words.At the same time,rhetorical means and means of modal category are used to express the evaluative meaning.The Russian media diplomatic discourse mainly includes the following semantic classifications of evaluation: general evaluative meaning,individual evaluative meaning,explicit and implicit evaluative meaning,and modal evaluative meaning.The semantic types of the general evaluation meaning in the Russian media diplomatic discourse include positive,negative and neutral evaluation meanings.The semantic types of the individual evaluative meaning in the Russian media diplomatic discourse include the meaning of affect,judgment and appreciation.Second,the choice of evaluative resources in the Russian media diplomatic discourse has a direct relationship with the media diplomatic discourse context model and the discourse producers — diplomatic actors and media — who are the subject of evaluation.In the monologue context and in the dialogue context,Russian media diplomatic discourse tends to present a neutral evaluation,and the presentation of a neutral evaluation makes its discourse construction more objective.Compared with Russian foreign minister,media reporters are more inclined to choose negative evaluative resources,and their agenda setting is negatively oriented.Discourse producers in the Russian media diplomatic discourse are more inclined to present the evaluation of appreciation and judgment,and they focus more on the evaluation of social moral norms and social value to the object of evaluation,as well as the evaluation on legal aspects.Compared with Russian foreign minister,media reporters show the evaluation of affect more frequently,and their evaluations are more subjective.Third,there are coherences and differences in the tendency to common evaluative themes of the discourse communities represented by Russian foreign minister and media reporters in the process of discourse interaction in the Russian media diplomatic discourse.The discourse community represented by Russian foreign minister tends to establish national positions,diplomatic values and self-identity.The discourse community represented by media reporters pays more attention to Russia’s attitude towards various international events,reflecting the orientation of interests and its agenda setting.Fourth,the semantic macro-structural features of evaluation in the Russian media diplomatic discourse is realized by means of a discourse organization model,which depends on the context model of Russian media diplomatic discourse.Studies have shown that the semantic macrostructure of evaluation in the Russian monologue media diplomatic discourse is constructed by means of the summary-specific discourse organization model;in the Russian dialogue media diplomatic discourse the semantic macrostructure of evaluation is constructed by means of the question-answer discourse organization model.Fifth,by means of evaluative meaning’s presentation the realization of dialogism is made and the identities of Russia and other countries and power relations are constructed at the same time in the Russian media diplomatic discourse.Neutral and positive evaluation of judgment and appreciation is presented to construct positive self-identity,which is consistent with objective facts.It is specifically reflected in Russia’s self-identification of diplomatic pluralism,modernization and pragmatism,the role of great powers,the supremacy of national and civic interests,adherence to laws and morals,support for peace,and emphasis on social unity.The construction of this self-identity reflects Russia’s core values and national ideology,which are consistent with the traditional political culture rooted in the nation.Identities of other countries are constructed in the Russian media diplomatic discourse by means of different evaluative meaning’s presentation.The similarities and differences in the construction of different countries’ identities promote the two-level differentiation of the relationship between self and the others,thereby power relations are generated,mainly involving hegemonism & egalitarianism and conflict & cooperation.The generation and construction of power relationships reflects the differences in self’s and others’ value orientation and ideology. |
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