Research About Comparison Of The Ethics Of Shanxi And Huizhou Merchants In Ming And Qing Dynasties

Any business glory can not be separated from business ethics,and differ ent cultures give birth to different business ethics.China excellent traditional culture broad and profound,has a long history,its emphasis on personal acco mplishment,pay attention to the unity and cooperation,emphasizing the stron g sense of responsibility and integrity management,the correct outlook and ot her point of view to make the Chinese businessman deeply influenced by the achievements of the generation of Confucian in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,which is a typical representative of Shanxi merchants.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the commodity economy was relatively developed.Almost in the same period with Europe,a business revolution took place in China,and there emerged several large business groups.This was a great event in Chinese business history.The strength of the Shanxi merchants and Huizhou merchants was strong,and the influence was far-reaching.In the history,Shanxi merchants,as an influential commercial group in Ming and Qing Dynasties,has been active in business for more than 500 years.Its footprints not only spread throughout the country,but also in Europe,Japan,Southeast Asia and Arabia countries,Shanxi merchants were "the bull's ear" in the history of the Ming and Qing commercial civilization,can be fully comparable with the world famous Venetian merchants and Jewish merchants.Huizhou merchants and Shanxi merchants are equally renowned.As a strong force in Chinese business circles,they have been active in the north and south of the Yangtze River,the two sides of the Yellow River,and even Japan,Siam,Southeast Asian countries and Portugal.Shanxi and Huizhou merchants rule the roost for hundreds of years in China and enjoy a high reputation overseas.It's the commercial capital of the giant,the number of many merchants,the public activity area of the wide,the numerous business industries of the management and the strong ability of the management which are unmatched by other merchants.The Jin Huizhou merchants have not only created greateconomic value in Chinese history,but also the ethical achievements of the Jin Dynasty and their influence on future generations are worth further exploring.In particular the penetration of the Confucian spirit of entrepreneurship and what we advocated today show great wisdom to agree without prior without previous consultation,people.This paper combs the ethical differences shown in the commercial field,Shanxi Merchants Management Ethics,interests,concept of honesty and ethics education which contains rich Confucian spirit.This paper intends to sort out the ethical similarities and differences between them in the commercial field,namely,the similarities and differences between Jin and Hui merchants in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,including the Confucian view,the righteousness and profit view,the integrity view and the educational ethics view,in order to reveal the ethical and normative mechanism and moral value system of modern commercial development in our country.This article consists of introduction,seven chapters of the main part and conclusion.The introduction mainly discusses the current research situation and the main problems at home and abroad,on the basis of which the theoretical and practical significance of the study of the Jin and Hui merchants is expounded,the research ideas and methods are further clarified,and the research difficulties and innovations in this paper are pointed out.Chapter one:This chapter gives a detailed analysis of the formation of the ethics of the Shang and Hui merchants in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.This chapter concentrates on the social background of the formation of the Jin emblem business ethics-the "Kai Zhong fold system" analyzes the social and political background of the formation of the Jin Hui business ethics.From the same point of the geographical environment--the less common people,the common ethical foundation of Jin Merchants' self-reliance is analyzed.The border area between the two sides made Shanxi merchants have the moral characteristics of shrewdness and simplicity from the beginning.Traditional culture is the cornerstone of the ethics of Shanxi merchants."Guan Gong culture" is the foundation of Shanxi Merchants ethics "righteousness".And "neo-Confucianism" is the foundation of their ethical "Confucianism".The personality characteristics showed clear outward make ethics of Shanxi business with pioneering characterization,introverted personality characteristics mold the auto orphic to ethical characteristics of Confucianism,and the Chinese ethnic peoples spirit has promoted a strong cohesion in the Shanxi Merchants.Chapter two: This chapter discusses the Confucian view of Jin Hui merchants.Climbing power to seek commercial convenience is the common point of the relationship between the official merchants and merchants of the Jin Hui merchants.On this basis,the Jin Hui merchants are slightly different.Shanxi Merchants took the business as their career and pursued the concept of "excellent business".Although Huizhou merchants were businessmen,they were the choice for them to go back to the next stage,but they still pursued the doctrine of "excellent officials".Both the similarities and differences in the choice of official business relations have great enlightenment for the present enterprises.As a businessman and a government,how to deal with the relationship between business and business is related to the long-term development of business.The construction of "Qinqing" and harmonious political and commercial relations proposed by Comrade Xi Jinping perfectly interprets the proper pattern between the government and the business.Taking business as a business,Jia Ru and having independent personality are the qualities that modern businessmen should have.In order to fundamentally eliminate the abnormal development of official business,we must improve the system and transform government functions.Chapter three:This chapter discusses the similarities and differences of the management ethics of the Jin Huizhou Merchants.On the whole,both of them pursue the “combination of affection and righteousness” and unite the commercial countries.Practice ethical representation of Benevolence,morality and justice in talent selection,business incentives and concrete management practices.The adoption of incentives,rewards and punishmentsto promote the development of business reflects the humanistic atmosphere in management.Influenced by tradition,Jin Merchants United the Shang States with “Geography meaning”.To promote the development of business by means of “top stock” and “east partnership system” and so on.The talent incentive mechanism embodies the spirit of uniting as one.A series of management system created by Jin Merchants has practiced its ethics of "faith and unity" which is innovative.And Huizhou merchants as “blood relationship” clan gathered in commercial activities.The system of clan management has also been transplanted into business management.The natural clan ethics is relatively dense in the business management of Huizhou merchants.The management of Huizhou Merchants embodies the characteristics of responsibility and benevolence.Jin Huizhou merchants attach importance to talents,management,incentive mechanism,talent values and humanistic care.The development of enterprises can not be separated from management.In modern enterprises,how to deal with the psychological,behavioral and interpersonal relationships of people in management is bound to require ethical and moral norms to play a role.The third chapter:the development of enterprises is inseparable from ma nagement.In modern enterprises,how to deal with people's initiative in mana gement is bound to involve ethics and ethics.Jinhui merchants are not restrict ed by tradition,seeking truth from facts,especially the innovation consciousn ess embodied in Shanxi Merchants' ethics.It is worth learning from modern e nterprises.The core of talent incentive and cohesion in Jin Hui Merchants' m anagement is valuable experience for enterprise development.Chapter four:This chapter discusses the similarities and differences of the concept of justice and profit of the Jin Huizhou merchants.It's a common attitude of Jin Huizhou merchants to pursue profit by righteousness in the view of justice and profit.In the view of the difference between the two in the focus of justice and interest and the attitude of seeking justice and pursuing interest,the Jin Huizhou merchants held different views on righteousness and profit.Shanxi Merchants follow "the system of benefit andrighteousness".It is righteous to think,to benefit from righteousness,and not to be foul.It runs through the practice of righteousness and profit in the whole Shanxi Merchants.Huizhou merchants are "taking profit from righteousness".Mutual benefit and righteousness,take interest with righteousness and combination of interest and morality it is the concentrated embodiment of Hui merchants' practice of justice and benefit.There is no doubt that business development does not pursue profit,business can not survive.But the gentleman's love of money in a proper way.Jin Huizhou merchants adopt different ways on the road of pursuing profit,which makes them the ethical connotation of infiltration caused by different impression in business,has a great influence on the development of modern business.In the final analysis,the double income of justice and profit is the win-win road for the development of modern commerce.How to balance the relationship between justice and profit on the road of business development is directly related to the success or failure of business development and the reputation of enterprises.Jin Huizhou merchants,especially Jin merchants,must follow the principle of “righteousness” as a profit,which is in line with the tradition view of righteousness and profit of the Chinese nation.In the current socialist market economy,“righteousness” is also one of the moral principles that must be considered in the process of making profits for modern enterprises.Chapter five:This chapter discusses the similarities and differences of the honesty and credit view between Jin Huizhou merchants.Honesty is the invisible capital in the development of business.Follow the credit first,base on the credit,and win with sincerity.Shanxi merchants took credit as credit cards to gain commercial benefits.Honesty is the concentrated embodiment of Shanxi Merchants' conception of honesty and credit.Honesty without deceptive is the concentrated embodiment of Huizhou merchants' view of honesty and credit.Reliability equivalence,sincerity without deceptive and sincere with selfless.Huizhou Merchants really take honesty and credit deeply into the people's mind.In modern society,honesty as it should be is the ultimate goal pursued by modern enterprises.Whether commercial development or other aspects of social life,the concept of honesty based on self-discipline and rationality is the moral practice pursued by the current harmonious society.Chapter six:This chapter focused on the education ethics of Jin Hui merchants.Although Jin Hui merchants are not educationalists,for the sake of commercial development,some people with breadth of vision in Jin Hui merchants pay special attention to education.Some people run education business directly,through the training and education of the staff and the family members to reflect the ethics of education.Affected by tradition culture,pragmatic,honour the teacher and respect his teaching to abide by the ethical norms of Jin Hui merchants in educational activities.However,Jin merchants education follows a practical tool orientation,which is highly consistent with “Learning and superior quotient”.The education value orientation to uphold the original Confucianism,the same with the“officialdom is the natural outlet for good scholars”.The education ethics of Jin Hui merchants follow the true development,which is also the model of the current education.Chapter seven:discusses the contemporary enlightenment of Shanxi merchants and Huizhou merchants ethics in the Ming and Qing dynasties combined with the development of contemporary society by undertakeing the similarities and differences between Shanxi merchants and Huizhou merchants ethics.The Shanxi merchants and Huizhou Merchants Ethics Jia Ru Guan confirmed the correct rationality of the relationship between pro-Qing and harmonious politics and business;Jin Shang and Huizhou Merchants Management Ethics in the heavy "people" regulation "system" is still the ethical principles to be followed in the development of modern business;Jin Shang and Huizhou merchants ethics in the Yi Li Tong de value orientation is a magic weapon for the long-term development of modern business;Jin Shang and Huizhou merchants ethics contained in the "virtue-contract" integrity ethics is the foundation of modern business survival and development;Jin Shang and Huizhou merchants educationethics reflected in the real development of human,modern social education value pursuit.The conclusion further summarizes the reasons for the similarities and differences of the ethics of the Jin Hui merchants,condenses the essence of their ethics,reveals its limitations,and especially reflects on the reasons why they have failed to escape the decline of business in the end,in order to draw lessons from the development of modern business.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the merchants of Jin and Hui dynasties had a great deal of color in the magnificent city paintings of China.The similarities and differences of Jia Ru's views on management,justice and benefit,honesty and education had become the basis of their similarities and differences,forming their own business ethics with bright cultural characteristics,and becoming the most significant mainstream force of business in Ming and Qing Dynasties.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the business process of the merchants of Jin and Hui brought us too much thinking.Apart from the limitations of history and the times,their ethics have their own characteristics,but ultimately they have the same way.This may be the deep-seated reason for the rise and fall of the merchants of Jin and Hui,which has a profound revelation for the development of modern commerce.