The Research On The Ordo In The Liao Dynasty

The Ordo was a political system with great ethnic characteristics in the Liao Dynasty,contained twelve palaces and one prefecture,and existed throughout the Liao Dynasty.The Ordo in the Liao Dynasty was composed of the Xinggong Ordo,the Buzu Ordo,and the Zhouxian Ordo.This article takes the Ordo in the Liao Dynasty as the research object,through the research of the various components of the Ordo,to explore the structure and function of the Ordo and to reveal the influence of the political changes on the Ordo during the Liao Dynasty.This article is divided into four chapters except the introduction and the rest:The introduction mainly introduces the origin of this topic,briefly describes the current research status of the Ordo and summarizes the key points,difficulties and innovations of this article.The first chapter is the origin and evolution of the Ordo.The first Ordo in the Liao Dynasty was the FuXinbu which played an important role in the ‘Huajiaweiguo' process.The establishment of the institution was earlier than the outbreak of the ‘Zhudizhiluan'.There was no relationship between inheritance and development among the Fuxinbu and the Pishijun.The idea that the Fuxinbu was the origin of the Pishijun had no factual basis.The purpose of the Fuxinbu was to resolve various political,economic,and military contradictions from the inside and outside of the nascent regime,but not to establish a pure military organization.The second chapter introduces the Xinggong Ordo.The Xinggong was the residence of the Liao Emperor and his family and also included a set of institutions that served the Liao Emperor and his family members.The Xinggong included four main functions: supply of materials,security of guards,service of daily living,and ritual activities.The Xinggong Ordo's management organization was the palace official system which followed the Liao Emperor moving.It had management functions for the Xinggong Ordo,the Buzu Ordo,and the Zhouxian Ordo.The third chapter is the Buzu Ordo.The tribes belonged to the Buzu Ordo were composed of the Zhenghu,the Fanhu the Walihu and the Zhasahu.The tribes did not follow the Liao Emperor's Xinggong.The basic organizations of the Zhenghu were the Shilie and the Wali.The Fanhu were placed under the management of Zianlitalan.The Wali was an organization that managed detained households.Zhasa was an organization that managed the Zhuzhanglangjun the Zhuzhangniangzi and the Zhuzhanghu.The Zhenghu had the obligation to serve as the Gongfenjun.The Fanhu guarded the border.The Wali and the Zhasa were important source of people serving in the Xinggong.The fourth chapter is the Zhouxian Ordo.Tixiasi was the organization that managed the Sicheng composed of farming captives on the Fendi of the Liao Dynasty Emperor.After the Liao Taizong Reform,the Tixiasi was gradually incorporated into the state and county system for management,and began to transform into the Ligongzhouxian system.The tax of the Tixiasi belonged to the Ordo and needed to serve as a subsidiary of the Gongfenjun.The state and county managed by the Ordo were called the Ligongzhouxian.Ligongzhouxian needed to be under the dual management of the government and the Ordo.Its property lay between Nanmianzhouxian and Sicheng.The population of the Tixiasi was different from the population of Ligongzhouxian,and they coexisted until the end of the Liao Dynasty.The Fenglingyi was a part of the burial custom of the Liao Dynasty.In addition to the ordinary state and county official system,there was also a unique Fengling official system,which was responsible for the sacrifice of Fenglingyi.Fenglingyi was a place for ritual activities and political affairs in the Liao Dynasty.The rest of the thesis summarizes the structure and functions of the Ordo in the Liao Dynasty.Using diachronic research methods to analyze the influence of the political changes on the Ordo system during the Liao Dynasty.