Japanese Bamboo Slips And Qin And Han Society

The slips of Daybook were seen excavated are folk books of selection that can be applied to real life,including a lot of daily activities and life experience.It is both applicable and theoretical,composed of independent chapters and many charts of the miscellaneous reference book.The tombs were mainly found in modern Hubei and Gansu provinces,spanning from the late Warring States period to the late Western Han dynasty.Different from official records and later historians,they are important materials in the field of social history of Qin and Han dynasties.In terms of nature,the slips of Daybook are not "books of the Ri Zhe",but "daily books",which are popular among the people and come into the official view.In terms of content,the specific behaviors of them can be classified into marriage and family,belief and custom,daily life,collective action,property access,politics and law and other categories,with daily life accounting for the highest proportion.In addition,although the unearthed sites are different,the contents of them are basically similar,which should be the reference books for daily reference by ordinary people in Qin and Han dynasties.Family problems are often related to the survey of children.The main expectation is to seek benefits and avoid harms,which is manifested in the pursuit of longevity and health,wealth and fortune,and the avoidance of harm to family members,poverty and frustration.There is also the phenomenon of sojourn,common "Yu Ren","Ji Ren","Ke",the use of the first two words in different regions are different but the meaning is the same,they are "Shi Ren" sojourn in another family and related to them,not related ones can be called "Ke".The phenomenon of sojourn in Qin and Han dynasties was a special kind of "Tong Ju",that is,living with the same "Hu" but different "Shi".With the improvement of the personal property protection system and the strengthening of the folk clan,the sojourn gradually disappeared and the guest still had living space.The behavior of officials is common in social groups,including administrative function and official career,and its popularity should be attributed to the political environment of Qin and Han dynasties.Moreover,there were agricultural and commercial activities,which were inseparable and mutually reinforcing,and they should be widely engaged in by the civilians,involving planting,animal husbandry,fishing and hunting,trees,trading and other issues,reflecting the life conditions of the grass-roots society in Qin and Han dynasties.In Qin and Han dynasties,there are different ways of timing,such as omission timing,segmental timing,and twelve hour timing.Segmental chronograph,as themain chronograph at that time,has a complex recording system.However,it still pursues simplicity in practical application,namely,a day is divided into five periods,including three iconic periods and two transitional periods,and there are some problems such as time saving,too long time periods,uneven length of time periods,and time difference.The use of the word and the behaviors involved contain rich historical information.The main characteristics of the slips of Daybook are its popularity and daily utility,and its deep background is the taboo wind and expedient folk ideas.Based on the ideological root of "the relationship of heaven and man" in Qin and Han dynasties,the basic spirit of the Daybook can be summarized as "faith in heaven and use in man",which not only recognizes the mystery of heaven,but also emphasizes the initiative of man,reflecting the dialectical relationship between stability and flexibility,and outlining the silhouette of an era that respects and believes in ghosts and gods and is also aggressive.Although the Daybook of the Qin and Han dynasties eventually died out in form,its contents were inherited from the Dunhuang Calendar and the General Books of Ming and Qing dynasties.Moreover,its influence could correspond with the cultures of other ethnic groups and religions to broaden the thinking space for future research.