A Comparative Study Of Chinese And Vietnamese Basic Taste Words

As one of the basic senses,taste is an important tool for humans to recognize and understand the world.With taste,we can know food and feel delicious.Taste is formed on the basis of diet.It is not only one of the important characteristics of diet,but also contains rich cultural connotation and national spiritual value.Therefore,taste words are not only a linguistic phenomenon,but also a cultural phenomenon,which has drawn great attention from academic circles at home and abroad.However,the study of taste words in Chinese linguistics is not rich enough in general.The research content mainly focuses on the semantic aspects of taste words.The research method is relatively simple and the research depth needs to be strengthened.Although there are many comparative studies between Chinese and foreign,it focuses on comparison with English,Japanese,Korean and other languages.In Vietnam,there are few studies on taste words,and the comparative study of Chinese and Vietnamese taste words is a blank.This study makes a comprehensive,detailed comparison of the meanings,meanings,and word formation of the basic taste words in Chinese and Vietnamese from a macro,meso,and micro perspective,and clarifies the similarities and differences between the two and their causes.The thesis selects the basic taste words "acid","sweet","bitter","spicy","salty" in Chinese and the corresponding "chua","ng(?)t","d(?)ng(kh(?))","cay","m(?)n" in Vietnamese as the research object.The first based on the theory of cognitive linguistics about cognitive domains,the sense domain of taste words is divided,named and analyzed,and then divided into" identical,similar,different ".These three situations are used to examine the similarities and differences in the meaning of Chinese and Vietnamese taste sense words,and the underlying reasons behind the differences are explained from this point on.In addition,a combination of static language and dynamic speech examples is used to explore the metaphorical meaning,word-building ability and pragmatic characteristics of Chinese and Vietnamese taste perception words.Through research,we come to the following conclusions:(1)In terms of semantics,Chinese-Vietnamese taste words present more characteristics than differences.The semantics of "bitter" and " d(?)ng(kh(?))" are basically the same;"acid" and "chua" and"sweet" and "ng(?)t" have greater semantics."Spicy" and "cay" are half the same and half different;the semantic differences between "salty" and "m(?)n" are greater than common.In addition,the two show some overall tendencies in semantic extension:First,from the perspective of semantic extension,in the process of metaphor projection,the"taste phenomenon-physiological feeling-psychological feeling-abstract concept" is basically reflected model;the second is that from the perspective of context dependence,the meaning of Hanyue taste words is affected by context to a certain extent;the third is that the meaning of Chinese and Vietnamese taste words tends to refer internally,but the degree of inclination is sometimes different;the fourth is that the scope of the meaning of Chinese and Vietnamese taste words is sometimes used from the perspective of semantic reference inconsistent;Fifth,from the perspective of semantic color,most of the praise and derogatory colors of Chinese and Vietnamese taste words are similar.Humans have a common cognitive style and physiological mechanism,which has caused the meaning of Han and Yue taste words to develop in the same direction,but cultural differences and language constraints have led to the development of Han Yue taste words in the direction of "different".Therefore,based on the three planes of cognition,language,and culture,we have established an explanatory model for the comparison of the extended differences between Chinese and Vietnamese taste perception words,in order to seek the profound reasons behind the similarities and differences between the two.From a cognitive perspective,we find that an important reason for the same meaning of Chinese and Vietnamese taste sense words is that humans have common physiological and psychological mechanisms,and the perception of taste is generally consistent.From a linguistic perspective,as a part of the vocabulary system of a language,the extended meaning of taste words will be affected and restricted by the entire language system in which it is located,which leads to a certain degree of difference in its semantic performance.On the other hand,language contact will bring many similarities to the metaphorical meaning of Chinese and Vietnamese taste words.From the perspective of material culture,natural geographical environment,climatic conditions,and lifestyles have a direct impact on the nation’s eating habits and taste preferences,which has a significant impact on the results of Han and Yue taste extensions and their implied significance.From the perspective of social culture,the people of China and Vietnam are affected by far-reaching Confucianism.Therefore,the extended meanings of many Han-Vietnamese taste words clearly reflect the Confucian values and outlook on life.In terms of thinking,Chinese and Vietnamese cultures attach importance to dual unification,and the people of both countries are used to intuitive thinking and introverted thinking.In addition,the Vietnamese people’s ideology also contains rich Buddhist concepts,which has left a deep mark on the Vietnamese language.These are the important reasons that lead to the difference in meaning between Chinese and Vietnamese taste words.(2)In terms of word formation,the word formation of taste adjectives in the Chinese and Vietnamese languages is different from a macro perspective.From a structural point of view,Chinese taste words have only two additional word formation methods,and there is no overlapping word formation.Vietnamese word formation words are divided into three types:overlapping,additive,and compound.The research results found that Vietnamese taste words have two types:zero-based overlapping AA and partially overlapping AA.Judging from the additive form,the Chinese and Vietnamese taste words have two types:"stem+redundant suffix"(ABB style)and "stem+non-redundant suffix".Among them,ABB addendum is the main type,and the A root is the basic taste word.However,there are some AB and BB in Vietnamese ABB style with unique functions and features.From a compound perspective,Chinese and Vietnamese taste words include two types,the first type is"basic taste+basic taste";the second type is "basic taste+other ingredients".Chinese-Vietnamese taste words correspond exactly in the first type of compound word formation.In the second type of word formation,Chinese and Vietnamese taste words have similarities and differences.Its common point is that the basic taste words are combined with other morphemes to form compound words.These compound words not only express taste,but also carry extended meanings.But on the whole,in the compound word formation,the word formation of Vietnamese taste words Compared with Chinese taste words,the ability is weaker.The combination of "basic taste words and other components" in Vietnamese only has joint and partial formal compound words.In addition to joint and partial formal Chinese,there are verb-object and subject-predicate compound combinations.This is also the difference between the two compound types in the second type of word formation.(3)In terms of pragmatics,we study the pragmatic characteristics of Chinese and Vietnamese taste words from the perspective of communicative dialogue,fixed phrases and vivid forms of adjectives.Through analysis,we find that in the actual use process,the basic taste words of Chinese and Vietnamese They all show many special pragmatic characteristics.In actual communication,Chinese and Vietnamese taste words both follow and violate the principle of cooperation.Among the fixed phrases,Chinese and Vietnamese taste words mainly appear in fixed phrases such as idioms,idioms,diabetics and common sayings.These phrases are rich in information,concise in form,vivid in language,distinctive in style,and profound in meaning and philosophy of the nation.In the vivid form of adjectives,Chinese and Vietnamese taste words can change the semantic level,emotional color and stylistic color of words.This research has important theoretical and practical significance.In theory,it enriches the research on metaphor theory and taste.In practice,it not only deepens our understanding and mastery of Chinese and Vietnamese taste words,but also helps us to better understand the culture and thinking modes of China and Vietnam.At the same time,it also provided positive contributions for Chinese and Vietnamese vocabulary comparison,dictionary compilation and translation.