Discussion On The Origin Of Bronze Age Archaeological Culture In Qinghai Area And Research On Interaction With Neighboring Culture

Archaeological cultures of the Bronze Age in Qinghai are the important part of the Bronze Age cultures in Northwest China.On the basis of periodization and classification,analyzing archaeological cultures and their origins and exploring the cultural communication between Qinghai and the surrounding areas in the developing of different archaeological cultures.Finally,researchers can understand the formation and development of different archaeological cultures in Bronze Age in Qinghai.This dissertation is divided into six parts.Part 1 introduces the background of research and current studies of the archaeological cultures in Qinghai,defines the range of space-time,and at the same time illustrates the research methods.Part 2 discuss the chronology,regional types and cultural origins of the Qijia culture in Qinghai.First,through stratigraphic relations and typical artifacts,the Qijia culture can be divided into four phases and five stages.The differences in the customs and the pottery combinations show that the Qijia culture in Qinghai can be separated into two types:the Liuwan type,the Gamatai type.The Huangjiazhai cemetery and Shanjiatou cemetery can't be referred to the two types simply for their complicated cultural factors.We will discuss the two cemeteries alone.The Liuwan type is mainly distributed in the Hehuang area,and absorbs the cultural factors of Machang type in the early stages,then it is influenced by the Huangniangniangtai type.Finally the Liuwan type develops into Zongzhai cemetery,which will then become one of the base of the elaboration of the Kayue culture.The Gamatai type is mainly distributed in the Gonghe Basin,and its formation is influenced by the burial customs of the Zongri culture and the cultural factor of the double-big-handled guan jars in the Huangniangniangtai type.Finally the Gamatai type develops into the Kayue culture.The cultural factors in Huangjiazhai cemetery are very complicated,they include the Dahezhuang type,the Huangniangniangtai type and the Siba culture.For the multifactor functioning,the Huangjiazhai becomes one of the Kayue culture.The Shanjiatou cemetery is more influenced by the Qinweijia type,then it becomes the significant origin of the Xindian culture.Part 3 discuss the chronology,regional types and cultural origins of the Kayue culture.First,through stratigraphic relations and typical artifacts,the Kayue culture can be divided into four phases and seven stages.For the differences in the customs and the pottery combinations,we can divide the Kayue culture into four types:the Panjialiang type,the Dahuazhongzhuang type,the Ahatela type and the Banzhuwa type.The Panjialiang type is mainly distributed in the Huangshui basin,and its pottery combination is more influenced by the Qijia culture and the burial custom comes from the Siba culture.Finally,this type develops the Huangjiazhai cemetery and the Dahuazhongzhuang type.The Dahuazhongzhuang type has a wide distribution,but it is mainly distributed in the Huangshui basin and the areas along the Yellow river,and it is developed on the basis of the Panjialiang type,at the same time it is influenced by the Banzhuwa type or the Ahatela type.The Banzhuwa type is mainly distributed the middle areas of Huangshui basin and the Yellow river.And it absorbs some cultural factors of the Qijia culture at the beginning of the formation,then it is influenced by the Panjialiang type during the end of three stage or the beginning of four stage.The Ahaltela type is mainly disturbed in the areas along the Yellow river,and it is based on the Liuwan type then influenced by the Siba culture.The formation of the Suhusa cemetery are influenced by the Banzhuaw type and the Ahatela type.Part 4 discuss the chronology,regional types and cultural origins of the Xindian culture in Qinghai.On the basis of the stratigraphic relations and typical artifacts,the Xindian culture can be divided into four phases and eight stages.For the differences in the customs and the pottery combinations,we can divide the Xindian culture into the Shanjiatou type and the Xiaohandi cemetery.The Shan.jiatou type is mainly disturbed in the Huangshui basin,and is based on the cultural factors of the late Qijia period.The first stage cultural remains of the Xiaohandi cemetery inherit from the Shanjiatou type,and the second stage is influenced by the Lianhuatai cemetery.During the fifth stage,the Xiaohandi cemetery has new cultural factor which is similar to the Zhangjiazui type.Then there appears a phenomenon that is the Tangwangshi poterry and the Xindian poterry in the same tomb,during the sixth stage.Part 5 discuss the chronology and cultural origins of the Nuomuhong culture.At the moment there has only one site to be excavated,which is the Talitaliha site.For the differences in the pottery combinations and the characteristic of the relics,joining the cross dating,the Talitaliha site can be divided three phases:the early phase,the metaphase and the late phase.For the analyzing the cultural factors,we may see that the remains in the metaphase of the Nuomuhong culture are influenced by the Kayue culture and the cultural factor of woolen may comes from the archaeological culture in eastern Xinjiang.The cultural factor that abobe as a building material may comes from the South Asia.Then part 6 is the study of cultural exchange and interaction between these three archaeological cultures and other archaeological cultures of the surrounding area.The Liu wan type has a tight connection with the other kinds of type of Qijia culture in Gansu.The Gamatai type and the remains over the interim period of the Qijia culture may have frequen connection with the Siba culture and the archaeological culture outside.Through the comparison of the burial customs,pottery combinations and bronze characteristics,the researcher suggests that the Kayue Culture have a tight connection with theYanbulake Culture in Xinjiang,the Shanma Type in Gansu,the Siba Culture in Gansu and the Siwa Culture.Through the comparison of the sarcophagus and unearthed artifacts,the research considers that the Kayue Culture have a frequent communication with the eastern Xizang and the western Sichuan.