| At present,the status and role of culture in tourism are constantly becoming prominent,and tourism competition between countries and regions is gradually rising to "cultural" competition.In 2016,the country’s“13th Five-Year Plan" and other newly introduced policies and guidelines clearly stated that "Developing creative cultural industries,promoting the integrative development of culture,science and technology,information,tourism,sports,finance and other industries" and"supporting the development of ecotourism,cultural tourism,leisure tourism,mountain tourism" will enable a more promising future of Chinese cultural tourism.However,some cultural tourism sites with regional characteristics have led to the lack of traditional cultural characteristics due to disorder development or over-exploitation.In order to realize the inheritance and protection of traditional culture in the development of cultural tourism,so that traditional culture can play a new role of value function in the new era,cultural tourism development is in urgent need of systematic scientific theory guidance.At present,China’s cultural tourism is dominated by "heritage tourism".The scenic spots above Grade 4A are mostly heritage-type.Many tourist attractions with international reputation are also heritage-type tourist destinations.Therefore,the focus of this paper is "heritage-type cultural tourism".The representative Weinan cultural tourism destination is selected as the case to study the practical problems of cultural tourism in China,which has certain guiding significance for the development of cultural tourism.This study introduces the theory of complex adaptive systems,and considers the Minnan cultural tourism site as a complex adaptive system that is continuously evolved and developed by the interaction of multiple adaptive subjects.It systematically studies the characteristics of regional cultural system evolution and its subjective behavior mechanism.The characteristics and performance of the government’s main guiding behavior,the relationship between the tourist’s gaze behavior and its cultural tourism experience,and the residents’ perception of local cultural tourism development are discussed.The thesis constructs a relatively complete theoretical and methodological system for the evolution of cultural tourism.The main research conclusions include three aspects:Firstly,based on the theory of complex adaptive systems,the theoretical model of regional cultural system is constructed.On this basis,the evolutionary characteristics and mechanism of the core culture of Huinan,Huizhou,are discussed.The research results show that in the process of Huizhou culture evolution,Huizhou clan,Huizhou officials and Huizhou merchants gradually became the main body who adapted and interacted with each other,which determined the nature,direction and path of Huizhou culture development and became Huizhou cultural system.The internal model of evolution forms and aggregates the construction elements,construction subsystems and construction relations of Huizhou culture,and determines the building blocks and the building blocks of Huizhou culture.It forms the material culture based on Huizhou merchants and the Huizhou clan.Institutional culture and Xin’an Neo-Confucianism are the core structures of Huizhou culture,making the Huizhou culture a model of traditional Chinese culture.While inheriting traditional Chinese culture,Huizhou fully embodies local characteristics and forms a cultural identity system and symbolic system with distinctive regional characteristics.Some logos and symbols have become important cultural landscapes,highlighting the clustering,openness and diversity of Huizhou culture,as well as other characteristics.Secondly,the paper constructs a cultural tourism land evolution process model based on the theory of complex adaptive systems,and on this basis,empirical analysis is carried out on Weinan.The research results show that the development process of Minnan cultural tourism destination has gone through three stages:(1)1979-1990 is the stage of spatial aggregate formation,and tourism attractions with Huangshan and Jiuhuashan as the core were gradually developed and utilized and formed into scale.Assembling,the structure of tourism space began to show the characteristics of agglomeration development.(2)During the period of spatial aggregate growth from 1991 to 2000,the Huangshan Mountain Scenic Area and the Jiuhua Mountain Scenic Area were further developed,and the tourism facilities were further improved.At the same time,the rapid development of Xidi and Hongcun Scenic Areas promoted the formation of new spatial aggregates.Both the scale and the number of spatial aggregates were expanded simultaneously.(3)Since 2001,Weinan has entered the stage of the emergence of spatial agglomerations,the nonlinear interaction between the subjects has been strengthened,and various emerging development factors have emerged;the emerging development factors and traditional development factors have jointly promoted cultural tourism,holiday tourism and rural tourism.New tourism products will promote the spatial evolution of the tourist area in southern Anhui.From the perspective of future development trends,the diversification of tourism demand will promote the diversification and global utilization of tourism resources in southern Fujian.Cultural,ecological,rural tourism,leisure and holiday tourism will become the mainstream of tourism development in southern Anhui;the construction of transportation networks such as expressways and high-speed railways will strengthen the relationship between Weinan and the Yangtze River Delta region.Weinan will be integrated into the tourism development of the Yangtze River Delta region by means of global tourism and become an important part of the Yangtze River Delta tourist area.Finally,in terms of the three main actors of government,tourists and residents,their role in the development of cultural tourism and the construction of cultural tourism is explored from three perspectives,government guidance,visitor gaze and resident perception.The results show that:(1)The government can guide the development of cultural tourism through cultural heritage protection and cultural tourism construction.The cultural heritage protection has passed the verification of national cultural relics protection units,national historical and cultural blocks,national well-known historical and cultural cities,national well-known historical and cultural towns and villages,and applications for the United Nations Organization for Education,Science and Culture as well as a series of other measures.The construction of cultural tourism is achieved through the promulgation of relevant policies and regulations,the establishment of a national A-level tourist scenic spot system,the establishment of a cultural and ecological protection experimental zone,and the publication of a list of key national cultural tourism projects.(2)The attitude of local residents in southern Anhui to tourism development is significantly affected by the perception of tourism interest,rather than by the perception of tourism cost.Minnan residents are aware of the benefits of community environment improvement,employment opportunities and income increase brought by tourism,but they do not have obvious feelings about the price increase and ecological damage caused by tourism.Therefore,the effect of benefit is greater than cost.The residents as a whole showed support for tourism development.From this point,it can be recognized that in the development and construction of cultural tourism destinations,both the government and the developers should consider and pay attention to the interests of residents,and create more opportunities to increase the employment of residents and improve the economic conditions of residents.When the needs of residents are met,the resistance to tourism development will be greatly reduced,which will be conducive to the benign and sustainable development of tourism.(3)During the cultural tourism experience of tourists in Weinan,"environmental gaze" and "service experience" have a significant positive impact on tourist satisfaction,while the positive impact of "cultural gaze" and "activity experience" on the tourist satisfaction is not significant,indicating that tourists are more likely to have a deeper impression on those things that have a visual impact and bring a comprehensive experience.The"gaze" of tourists focuses on the cultural landscape as a carrier,with the elements of profound cultural connotations and sensual pleasure.This requires the development of cultural tourism resources to get rid of the low-level experience that relies on the original cultural landscape and historical relics in the traditional model.It should strengthen the cultural connotation mining and value innovation,so that tourists can gaze not only to complete the "seeing",but also hearing,smell,taste and touch of multi-dimensional experiences,so that they can truly penetrate into the local culture and gain a deeper impression through a full-scale experience,thus achieving higher experience satisfaction. |
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