On The New Naturalistic Basis Of Ecological Ethics

Ecological ethics subverts the moral relationship in the traditional human vision,and extends the moral concept between mankind to the natural world of human and non human.The past moral expansion can not be effectively defined and explained in the face of the object of moral concern.Anthropocentrists tend to think that only human beings have consciousness only to have intrinsic value.All kinds of non-anthropocentrism refute that,and put forward their own opinions.These schools of ecological ethics are often demonstrated on the basis of the traditional naturalistic theory.They have neither transcended the limitations of centralism nor give the object of argument a solid intrinsic value.The emerging theory of consciousness externalism coincides with the approach of moral expansion.They form the moral expansion of consciousness,which can be used as the new naturalistic foundation of ecological ethics.The externalism of consciousness has several new forms,such as embodied cognition,extended cognition,embedded cognition and enacted cognition.They extend the consciousness from the human brain to the human body and the external natural environment.On the basis of these theories,the human consciousness can be constructed effectively naturalization,and the nature can be constructed effectively consciousness.In this way,it weakens the differentiation of dualism between the subject and the object of the matter and the mind,and establishes a holistic concept of consciousness to provide an effective ontological commitment for the expansion of the ecological morality.So as to provide theoretical support for anthropocentrism and non anthropocentrism through reconstruction consciousness,and transcend all kinds of centralism,we construct the new naturalism foundation of ecological holism,and provide strong theoretical support for building a beautiful new ecosystem.This dissertation includes the introduction,four chapters of systematically discussions of the main topics,and the end is the concluding remark.In the beginning,the present situation of moral expansion and the basis of traditional naturalism in ecological ethics are introduced.Analyzes the current status domestic and foreign search,and puts forward the feasibility of constructing the new naturalism basis of ecological ethics.It points out the purpose of the new naturalism foundation in this dissertation,illustrates the significance of this dissertation,and identifies the problems to be solved.Further clarifies the research ideas,the main content and the innovation.The first chapter sorts out the logical context of moral expansion,and finds out the lack of intrinsic value in the traditional naturalist argument of moral expansion,which explains the reason for the basic construction of the new naturalism of moral expansion.After analyzing the current theory of consciousness expansion,we find that the way of consciousness expansion is consistent with the way of moral expansion,and the expansion of consciousness can fully reconstruct moral expansion.The second chapter analyzes the starting point of moral expansion,that is,the non identity problem of moral expansion of anthropocentrism.That indicates the ineffective solution to the traditional scheme of human non identity.After analyzing the new theory of consciousness expansion,finds that the expansion of consciousness can repair the non identity on human beings,reshapes the identity of human beings,constructs the moral expansion of consciousness of anthropocentrism,reconstructs the moral expansion of anthropocentrism,and ensures the complete moral status of the human community.The third chapter analyzes the moral extension of various genres of non anthropocentrism,explains the animal rights / emancipation theory,the biocentrism and the ecological centralism,their own contradictions and the contradictions between them,illustrates that these theories is deficient in the exposition of the object in the natural attribute and intrinsic value.Then,by using the theory of moral expansion of consciousness,we divide them from a lower level to a higher level in a dimension,indicating that they need low-grade and high-grade goodness,giving them a unified and different moral status.The fourth chapter constructs the moral expansion of consciousness of ecological holism.Affirm the moral expansion of the ecological holism,which shows that the traditional natural science theory,such as the Gaia hypothesis and the niche construction,has some positive significance.On this basis,the traditional natural science theory can be combined with the moral expansion of consciousness,and promote to the new naturalism foundation of ecological holism.Construct the moral expansion of consciousness of ecological holism,and explain the homomorphism demonstration,equality demonstration and complementarity demonstration of human and nature,to make the ecological holism get the intrinsic value of the ecosystem.The conclusion is that the moral expansion of consciousness as the basis of the new naturalism of ecological ethics.The moral expansion of consciousness can build a new naturalism schema of world in the ontology,can unify the inner relationship between human and nature by consciousness in the epistemology,can construct the consistent inner value of human and nature in the axiology,can explain the consistency between human activities and natural development process in the practice theory.