Research On The Promotion And Transfer System Of Civil Servants In Qing Dynasty

The system of civil service promotion in the Qing Dynasty was a system of personnel management with the characteristics of Qing Dynasty,which was formed on the basis of the system of the Ming Dynasty and the need of its own rule.In the actual operation of the Qing Dynasty,the system of civil officer promotion had been running in and adjusted for a long time,Until Qianlong and Jiaqing period,it was basically fixed.In the middle and later period of Qing Dynasty,the change of internal and external situation forced the Qing government to reform the system including the civil service promotion system at the end of its rule.This paper starts from the way of getting a official position,With "Qing Hui Dian" contained in the contents of an official shift.We divide the promotion of civil servants in the Qing Dynasty into the following categories:the promotion of kailiejuti,the promotion of jianxuan,the promotion of yuexuan,the promotion of qingzhi,the promotion of baoju.We mainly analyze and study the promotion system of civil officers in the Qing Dynasty from several aspects,such as the way of promotion,the method of promotion,the path of promotion and so on.In the late Qing Dynasty,On the one hand,the system itself is running for a long time,accumulated a lot of problems,on the other hand,after the Opium War,the society has undergone profound changes in the politics,economy and culture etc.With the increasingly frequent exchanges between China and foreign countries,the political and related theories of the West were introduced.The Chinese people also went to the world and began to understand and learn western civilization.In order to save the crisis of ruling dynasty,the Qing government launched the new deal and the constitutionalism reform in its ruling late,It makes a larger effort to reform the administrative system.the continuation of more than 200 years of the system of civil officials in the Qing Dynasty began to transform to the system of civil officials who had the characteristics of modern bureaucracy.This article is divided into seven chapters,and the conclusion is added.The first chapter is the introduction,which affirms the significance of the research,summarizes the research situation in the relevant fields in recent years,and the contents and methods of this study.The second chapter is mainly to introduce the relevant content related to the promotion of civil service.It includes the grade,official position and official vacancy of civil servants in the Qing Dynasty,analysis of the intrinsic meaning of civil officers' promotion,and the criteria and requirements for the promotion of civilian officials.The third chapter and the fourth chapter are the study of civil servants who are raised by kailiejuti.A civil officer in Beijing,The grand Secretary below,wupinjingtang above,Local officials of the governor,the grand coordinators,buzhengshi and anchashi,were raised by kailiejuti.Because the above content is more,it is divided into two chapters.In addition,the promotion of Han,Zhan,Ke and Dao is different from the promotion of other officials,and it is introduced in the third chapter.The study of the above civil service is mainly analyzed from the aspects of the way of promotion,the method of promotion,the path of the promotion and the procedure of promotion.Combined with examples,this paper analyzes the factors that affect the promotion of civil service.The fifth chapter main study of these civil servants,the way of their promotion is jianxuan,yuexuan,qingzhi,and baoju.In addition to the official position outside the kailiejuti,the other official positions are promoted in these four ways.We first classify the Beijing officials and local officials,then study the promotion from the aspects of ways,measures and procedures on various types.The sixth chapter summarizes the Qing Dynasty civil service line of promotion.From the beginning of the official position of different origins,on the basis of"pinjikao",it collate its step by step promotion line.The significance of the induction of the civil service's promotion line is to understand the influence of the qualifications and duties of an official on the future promotion.The seventh chapter introduces the change of the system of civil service promotion in the late Qing Dynasty.During the official system reform led to the civil service promotion system has undergone a qualitative change.This chapter focuses on the civil service in the way of promotion,investiture means,promotion procedures of the modern transformation of the situation.The promotion of civil servants in the Qing Dynasty formed a relatively complete set of rules and mechanisms for the promotion of civilian officials.First of all,it has a variety of ways of promotion,and the corresponding promotion methods and methods are carried out by different categories of officials.Secondly,its promotion line is also open and transparent,the "pinjikao" can list the promotion line of every official.Third,the promotion of civil service is strict,and the promotion of every official position has the characteristics of clear process,unified management,supervision,and time limit.The civil service promotion system in Qing Dynasty has been running for more than 200 years.As an important personnel management system in Qing Dynasty,it played a role in recognizing qualified civil servants,stabilizing civil servants and promoting the metabolism of civil servants.However,as a feudal bureaucratic management system,supreme monarchical power autocracy,officials of the party factions,in the personnel management of all kinds of hidden rules always interferes with the civil service system up to.