The Reception And Reconstruction To Recovery Areas Of Hubei Province By The National Government (1945-1949)

Hubei province,which enjoys a reputation for "thorough fares of nine provinces",is located in the hinterland of Central China,this strategic position is very important,has always been battleland.In modern times,Wuhan became the economic centre in China which is second only to Shanghai;the second political center of KMT which is second only to Nanjing;the important activity area between the CPC and the KMT,its strategic status gains further highlight.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,Hubei,especially Wuhan became the area of battleland full of fierce,heavily armed confrontation between the army of China and Japan for seven years.After the victory of this war,,the National Government began to receive the surrender respectively in occupied areas all over the country.According to the unified deployment of the National Government,Hubei provincial government started its reception and reconstruction to the recovery areas of Hubei.During the Anti-Japanese War,with the constant attack from Japanese army,the KMT-controlled area shrinked generally.Hubei provincial government finally drove to enshi,KMT-controlled area in Western Hubei began to form the barriers of temporary capital and Southwest areas.Under the strong leadership and deligent promotion from the provincial chaieman named Chencheng,the "new hubei construction movement",which including "increase production","purchase material object","barter" and "credentials" began to work,local industry and agriculture,commerce,transportation and education developed rapidly,famoused in China,the Western Hubei KMT-controlled area consolidated gradually,made great contribution to the victory of the war.At the same time,anti-japanese armed forces of the CPC carried out armed struggles,gradually gained a firm foothold in the occupied areas,opened up and the border region between Hubei and Henan,this area can be compared with Western Hubei KMT-controlled area in Hubei.During this period,the occupied areas of Hubei were covered by the war,people’s lives and property were damaged and lost,economy of Hubei was greatly weakened,the existing results almost destroyed,"all sectors to backward" became a real portraiture of this crisis.After 1944,with the war situation increasingly became clear,KMT,CPC and Japan started their layout actively.Japanese troops launched battles in Laohekou and Zhijiang,was defeated by KMT troops,the South Team sent by CPC moved to Central and South China,trilateral strategic posture was good for CPC,but bad for KMT.Just under this background,the National Government started to receive the occupied area of Hubei.For the purpose of preventing CPC receiving,Chiang kai-shek seek to net the ana leaders of Hubei positively.Under their strong match,the army of fifth and sixth war zone came into the occupied region of Hubei such as shashi,yichang,wuhan and so on,completed defence-relief soon with the ana.During this time,the partial,political and military organs of Hubei province arrived in Wuhan,grandly held the surrender ceremony,other county and city governments returned to their respective jurisdictions.The C.C and BIS also expanded their power,the dominance of National Government was re-established in hubei.As the process of return draws to close,the provinal government opened the Japanese troops and diasporas management office for their management,education and arrangement in their daily lives.Vith the cooperation of National Government and Wuhan line camp,Hubei provincial government organized capacity positively,repatriated them to Japan.In face of a large number of puppet property and public property,sixth war zone set up a series of institutions such as Receiving Japan supplies Committee for the purpose of eliminating chaos caused by the receiving of "the four King kong" with mess disorder in the postwar.After their efforts more than half a year,most puppet property and public property were mastered by provincial government,its economic strength increased rapidly.After that,provincial government processed them by selling,returning and education funds,this process went well.However,in this process,scandal eruption,endemic corruption and property loss affected the image and look of government too much.Through the ravages of occupied areas for 7 years,all kinds of social relations need to be adjusted.A large number of soldiers and civilians moved to the rear during the war,many Japanese war criminals and traitors were arrested after the war.How to place military and civilian which move back properly and give materials,punish and trial the criminals and the traitors,became the important topics in front of capital.The capital praised the fallen soldiers by repairing temples and monuments;raising the materials activityies to care supplyment for veterans,carry out the separation for the youth soldiers,gave every effort to make it perform;provided assistance to the provincial-transitting military and civilians for their returning the native smoothly;improved the treatment of the offical servants to make it work in peace.Constrained by resources shortage,the operation could not continue.Wuhan line camp set up the military court for the punishment and trial to Japanese war criminals,received certain effect,but under the disturbance of a series of factors,many war criminals avoided judgment and punishment.Meanwhile,the schools and businesses moved west in the wartime had to return the site and seek after their resume operation,this process is smooth,but because of the limited financial and material resources,it is difficult to normal operation.For he purpose of expanding the rule base and strengthening the social control,the provincial government took measures to recover and develop a series of social organizations quickly.In face of the negative post-war society,the capital paid much attention to the health and epidemic prevention work actively in order to calm down and eliminate instability.At the same time In receiving,the post-war reconstruction were entering the stage of implementation.The capital focuses on the following areas:(a)by promoting the review of land-checking,land and business tax belonging to local,prohibiting apportionment and organize donation,merge and redundancy,grained levies with the market price and forbidding sign civilian worker,reducing to purchase and commission to foodstuff and its fund,all of these were for the fincial problem solving;(b)promoted factory resume work and rural planting actively,focused on key projects and developed characteristic agriculture;aimed at the water conservancy projects and land transportation,for the fundamental solutions to the problem of finance;(c)speeded up the construction of the postal and communication network covering the entire province,contact communication all over the province,for the adaption to the objective demand of the post-war reconstruction;(d)under the guide of Wan Yaohuang wich the thought of "teaching to rich" the capital developed virous education undertakings vigorously,held the sports meeting and Children-soilders scouting,aimed at laying a solid foundation for the long-term development of construction of hubei province;(e)set up a series of city planning such as "Great Wuhan"construction,promoted municipal construction for the revival of the city in Hubei.These regions were limited by the shortage of people,money and material resources,some progress and positive influence on later generations had been made,but these constructions failed to fully-realize ultimately,really made us infuriating.To sum up,the reception of Hubei recovery areas completed generally,the reconstruction of hubei province by the National Government had made some progress,but the effect was not obvious,dropped and failed finally.Its reason is various.In terms of the National Government,in the subjective aspect,a series of shortage tied its hands and feet,including the victory fell sharply,out of preparations and controls;Endemic corruption and low-administrative efficiency;Tight-time and complex-affairs;too much difficulties to complete reconstruction in the short term;and so on.in the objective aspect,the widening of the civil war between KMT and CPC made irreconcilable conflict with the post-war reconstruction.In other words,the contradictions between the civil war and reconstruction were hard to balance.During the National Government was struggling,CPC realized the success in taking over the recovery areas of Hubei.