A Study Of The "Fantasy" Of Tchaikovsky's Single-movement Program Music

Tchaikovsky is the most representative Russian composer in the 19th century.He used the traditional composition techniques of West Europe to express Russian national features,and became a promoter who led Russian music to go global.His creation involves almost all musical genres,and orchestral music is one of his outstanding fields.Among them,10 single-movement program music works occupy an important position.In the 19th century,under the guidance of"expressionist aesthetics",most composers sought expression of feelings through composition,bringing their emotional motivation into music creation.It has also indirectly promoted the great development of program musical genres such as concert overture and symphonic poem.Tchaikovsky does not reconcile to follow the mainstream creation.He bravely instills "fantasy"factor into his works,to create two kinds of derivative genres-"fantasy overture" and"symphonic fantasia",which have achieved the perfect integration of overture,symphonic poem and fantasia.According to the phenomenologist,Husserl's statement,in his work,Phantasy,Image consciousness and Memory,the program music is expression of "perceptive fantasy" in the Romantic period.That is,the composer completes the expression of fantasy in the way of music through their feelings about literary works,historical events,and natural environment.Tchaikovsky's program music is not restricted to the simple "retelling" of literary originals.He takes his subjective consciousness to his works,and has achieved the purpose of creating the works filled with logical fantasy by using various composition techniques such as the mixed musical form and structure,plentiful orchestration colors,complex harmony and tonality.And his"fantasy means" is the expression of his "fantasy view" of music creation.Of course,for Tchaikovsky,the composer who has sensitive personality and delicate feelings,his program music is not only the "fantasy" to plot,but also contains the profound understanding of characters or emotions in literature.His ten works based on tragedy,it is closely linked to his social environment and life circumstances.According to Freud's unconscious theory,anguish and negative emotions from real life often accumulate in human subconsciousness.They make people unconsciously seek some illusory or imaginary ways to release their repressed desire.Therefore,we can think that setbacks in life make Tchaikovsky choose tragedy themes in his creation.The emotions and fantasy instilling in his works are the release of his pressed emotions.This article takes "fantasy" as the breakthrough point,explores the "fantasy" presented in his works from his "fantasy view" and "fantasy source".For the refinement of the "fantasy"characteristic,the author mainly starts with the "Fantasia" genre directly in connection with it,and comprehends the composer's "fantasy view",summarizes the "fantasy" of Tchaikovsky's 10 single-movement program music works.The author thinks that his program music is unique because of "fantasy",and he carves the way different from contemporary composers such as Mendelssohn,Liszt,and Richard Strauss.Especially,his original genre has mixed multiple genre factors together.In some sense,it promotes program music creation to a higher level.