Study On The Readership Criticism And "Decadent" Poetics Construction From 1920s To 1940s

During the 1920s and 1940s,Chinese modern poetry developed from its birth to prosperity.Influenced by western modernism literature ideological trend,the numerous genres of poems sprout,progress or perish.As modern poetry,its readers disclose and spread "decadent" poetic in terms ofnewspapers,books and other critical literature.At the same time,western symbolism,romanticism,aestheticism and other poetic tides developed in the research of readers’ criticism.Even Chinese traditional Confucian,Taoist and Buddhist thoughts had been churning with foreign cultures from poets’ poems of symbolism to those of The Southwest Associated University,which represented "decadent" poetic style.Thanks to the pushing forward of readers’criticism,the establishment of poetics accomplished progressively.The first chapter analyzes the criticism of symbolic poets’ poems offered by readers,and sensory "decadent" as the center of criticism.Most of symbolic poets are doleful homeless people.Through their wandering life,it triggered people’s desolate feeling,reflected their depressed,irresolute and down hearts,and made them comfy when reminiscing in the face of current situations.However,a huge difference existing between present and past has intensified decadent atmosphere.Only wine and death can take them away for a while.To console their lonely hearts,poets turned to alcohol and expressed their fascination for women.Their crazy indulgence brought about destruction and death.Readership Criticism also explored the relationship between "decadence" and "pure poetry" from the perspective of aesthetics,derivating such aesthetic features as being misty,ugly and mystery.The second chapter emphasizes on the criticism of left wing poets like Guo Moluo,which originates from romanticism’s paradoxical and mysterious"decadence"feelings and gradually separates from the collective willing of revolution.Prevalence of the left-wing poems is closely linked to the change of historical context.Identities of left-wing poets varied a lot.Poets of Creation Society like Guo Moluo and Wang Duqing changed their style with the times.Guo Moluo shows the pessimism of embracing death while fighting for freedom,while Wng Duqing uses the mask of revolution to cover the enthusiastic heroism.Traces of decadence can be found in left-wing poems of Jiang Guangci,Pu Feng,Hu Yepin and so on.Readers regard the decadent city and decay villages as the emotion sign of"decadence"feelings with harsh emotions relating to society,politics and love.Left-wing poets cannot cover their fragile nature with scorching rebellion.Their slogan with idealization and formulation shows their sadness,responding to the needs of the mass with superficial phenomenon of revolution.The third chapter discusses the readers’ criticism on modernism poets like Dai Wangshu,whose melancholy and sick soul sway in the disorder of time and space.Readers mainly criticize their individual spiritual world,focusing on their sad soul with dreams.Modernism poets like Dai Wangshu mostly lead a comfortable urban life.They get tired of the boring life.Long time makes them lazy and boring,even lost and helpless to the depth of despair with morbid psychology.Dissatisfaction of the reality returns them to the original space of illusion with bitterness.Moreover,readers own the modernism poets,depression to the classic art of nobles.Detailed poet images and soliloquy style of poet strengthen the soul’s decadence.The fourth chapter centers on reader’s criticism on poems written by poets from University of SouthQest Union during the 1940s.It utilizes the decadence of Nietzsche and "decadence" and "regeneration"of Calinescu to discover the"decadence" of tragedy and dialectical thoughts.Based on the bitter willingness,readers criticize poems of Mu Dan,Feng Zhi,Yuan Kejia,Zheng Min and Dun Yunxie.Referring to the fragile common people,it contains the struggle of the soul and rethinking and discovering of bitter reality.Poets of University of SouthWest Union has the sufferings that is prevalent in modern life,which is hard to deal with after accumulation.However,the bitterness does not destroy the poets.They search for the ways of getting over the bitterness.Mu Dan uses the way of division to fight with the tragedy,while Feng Zhi adopts the way of integration to seek the truth of life.They are two ways to transfer the bitterness.The dying history contains the rebirth of nature.The ideal personality that surpasses the bitterness is the superman as defined by Nietzsche.Moreover,readers absorb the dramatic element of decadence and comprehensive skills of reality,symbolism and metaphysics from modern spirit of art.The fifth chapter connects discussions of the former four chapters,utilizing the perspective of new poetics to analyze the origination,development and change process of the poetry of "decadence".As a pioneer poetics that is far from tradition,"decadence" spreads in four forms among readers:stimulation on sensory organ-conflict of emotions-returning to spirits-concerning to life.They construct the idea of "decadence" through impact on sight and hearing,emotions,shocking on heart and philosophical thinking.Cultivation of the "decadence" of reader’s aesthetic view goes through freshness-rebellion-fashion-foreignizatoin,ruinng the root of"decadence" poetry which is original compared to the traditional pattern.However,accumulation of traditional culture still cultures the construction of emerging poetry greatly.Features of four kinds of "decadence" is not separated from each other,but cross and penetrate at some degree.The conclusion interprets the poetic meaning of "decadence" as a modern device of new poem from a macro standing.Readers play an.important role in thedistribution of new poem.The receiver’s understanding of new poem may resonate with the creation intention of authors,more of a wrong misunderstanding.However,the readers’unique experiences can enrich the meaning of new poem,adding modernism to the poetic feature of "decadence".Learning of the traditional culture’s criticism diversifies the modernism of new poem.After a series of selection,filtration and change,the Chinese construction of western "decadence" poetry is finished.The complicate and arduous acceptance of "decadence" is mixed with the reader’s judgment of its value.Good or bad is hard to clarify the multiple values of it.The only way is to judge the value partially of the historical context and human nature.Construction of reader’s criticism on "decadence" poetry is an interesting topic.Reader’s acceptance during the Minguo period is only part of it,which develops with the reader’s interpretation toward China’s contemporary new poem in circles,resulting in significant influences.