From The "Liberal Marxist" To The "Neo-liberal"-Research On Hu Qiuyuan's Thought

In the history of modern Chinese thought and culture,Hu Qiuyuan was a considerable influence and great research value character.Being influenced by the new culture movement advocating freedom,democracy and scientific values in youth time,he founded a Liberalism base of thought.After all,he failed into love with the late of May Fourth Movement widespread of Marxism and other radical revolution theory in China,regarded them as the way of saving the countey,and once dedicated to the revolution and agitation.But the pursuit of an independent personality and obsession with liberal ideas,and letting him in front of the increasingly serious national crisis,the reality of growing social conflicts fell into confusion and hardship.So,as intellectuals,he from the path of literary and history theory to clarify his confused thoughts.He first participated in the freedom of literary debate,become major advocate of."humanitarian literary concept",then he used "Reading magazine" for the position,the organization carried out in the ideological and academic history of the Republic,exerted considerable influence on the debate of Chinese social nature and social history.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,he was actively involved in the anti-Japanese movements,in the meantime,he compared Chinese and western culture to explore the way of the founding of the Anti-Japanese War,put forward beyond Traditionalism,beyond Westernization,beyond Sovietization,walking the path of development of China's own ideas.He left the mainland and went to Taiwan for a profound doubt and mistrust to the leadership of the communist party's new regime in 1949.He dedicated to culture and cultural history research,but still immersed in politics,and by its unique home countries feelings engaged in a constant thinking about China's development,also is one of the influential figures in Taiwan ideological and culture.After the Reform and Opening up in mainland,he was also one of the earliest to visit mainland to do cultural celebrities.It can be said that since the 1920s,Hu Qiuyuan issued his own voices in many important issues in the history of modern China ideological and culture,ought to according to his a position in the history of modern intellectual history.However,although he was quite active in the ideological and cultural and also has certain influence,but he is a frustrated"loser".He searched on "Beyond the Road" ideal lifetime and hoped to reconcile the two extremes,seeking vision of "middle path",but always among rebuffed.However,because of this,the fate and suffering of Hu Qiuyuan was just a typical experience of many intellectuals like him in that time..As well known,like Hu Qiuyuan position of the ambiguous "middle person",a political frustration and failure,past academic concern and research was quite weak,and played the role and value of history to them and lack of fair and objective,the author mainly to compensate for the defect.This article focuses on the research of both Hu Qiuyuan and his thought,but also the research of the basic perspective.The research is illuminated following the history of formation and development of Hu Qiuyuan's thoughts for the baseline,and focuses on thought evolution process from "Liberalism Marxism" to "Neoliberalism" to show his way to China thinking and exploration.His philosophy of history or explore the philosophical perspective of the Chinese way:in general,published in 1932,"Art of Historical Materialism",in 1935 after independence thinking to write "Introduction to Philosophy of History," in 1953 to complete the "Ancient Chinese culture and Chinese intellectuals "as a symbol;experienced "prebeyond period","beyond early","beyond late" in three stages;showing a "liberal Marxist","neo-liberalism and cultural history outlook "and "theory of history and beyond advancing the theory" three kinds of ideology,the orbit of thought evolution by compromise to reconcile,turning to "independent system".In the"prebeyond stage",HuQiuyuan baptism by the New Culture Movement,advocated freedom and democracy,dissatisfaction with the status quo,and then having to save the nation from peril most passionate feelings of youth,after the October Revolution in Russia and create a socialist full of longing,attracted by Marxism spread to China,become followers of socialism,and then join in the torrent of revolutionary movement,in order to achieve national salvation ideals.However,the Great Revolution setbacks made Hu Qiuyuan doubting its once to follow the"doctrine",he began to independent thinking of Chinese social problems,to explore the "essence"of Marxism.He considered that the value of freedom,democracy,humanitarianism are not conflict with the Marxism,tried to at that time was considered to be opposite of two kinds of thoughts----Liberalism and Marxism to compromise to reconcile,proposed the "Liberal Marxist",and advocated the"Marxist Methodology" and "Liberal values" combined,in order to revaluation of Marxism.He was a "free man" phase advertised,pointed out that "to the death of literary belong to freedom and democracy until death",triggered a debate artistic freedom.In the debate anout social history of China,he attempted to corrected Materialism and propsosed from the Qin to Qing dynasy is "despotism" social point of view.In the "beyond early",Hu Qiuyuan's interests from the history of literature and art.to social history.In 1934-1937,after a four years of study in Europe,America and the Soviet Union,he considered whether ir is not the Chinese Nation's future to follow the Western imperialist aggression or the Soviet Union's military revolutionary and one-party dictatorship socialist model.Based on the position of liberalism and nationalism,he abandoned Marxism and turned to the new Liberalism and built his own views on cultural history to found philosophy of history..Exploring the theoretical basis for the construction of new China from the cultural level,the pain of one hundred years of Traditionalism,Westernization Sovietization split on one end of the statehood issue,he proposed the development direction of the new culture is neither a "resurrection of old civilizations," nor is "Westernization or Soviet civilization," but "created by China,as China's progress,the performance characteristics of China's modern civilization".China should establish the independence and freedom,economic industrialization,political democratization of the modern constitutional state.After the victory of Anti-Japanese War,in view of the intellectuals at that time fall into the tendency of realism,Hu Qiuyuan considered urgent need of a spiritual revolution be corrected,which prompted him to turn in ideological again.Based on the integrated first two stage thought,he amended the new liberalism culture history,build the "beyond late" history of philosophy,which he known as "universal history of philosophy or theory of history".So far,Hu Qiuyuan's thoughts basically matured and shaped.Since then,he applied the theory to study the Chinese and foreign history,analysis of profit and loss and the success or failure of history,to find way out state and society and achieved so-called "beyond forward"theory on culture,that was China need to beyond Traditionalism,]beyond Westernization,beyond Sovietization and move forward,which was the destination of his academic thoughts.In spite of the obvious historical limitations of Hu Qiuyuan's philosophy of history and cultural ideas,but he based on the national culture,integration of Chinese and western,carries forward the spirit of self-esteem,efforts to explore a way for building a democratic constitutional country should be paid great attention to.