Effect Of Vegetable Greenhouses Environmental On Health

Backgroud The impact of occupational environmental exposure on human health has been confirmed by many researchers,and a great number of agricultural practitioners have been exposed to high risk factors for a long time in the process of agricultural behavior,which has been paid attention by health administrative departments and scholars.Compared with the other agricultural practitioners,the production environment of greenhouse growers has some particularity.The accumulation of toxic and exposure of harmful substances are caused by Long-term high temperature and high humidity airtight environment,no season limited working time and high frequency of pesticide use.Combined with high intensity physical labor,the health status of vegetable greenhouse practitioners and its influencing factors are increasingly concerned and attached great importance.Objective Our aim is to explore the effect of environmental exposure in greenhouses of vegetable on the health of practitioners using information from questionnaire survey,health examination and the detection of soil pesticide residue in green houses and then to fit the cause relationship between environmental exposure and human health.Methods Information on exposure to pesticide and health status of research subjects were collected by questionnaire survey,physical examination and laboratory detection.It mainly included the following two parts: Part 1: Methods on questionnaire surveyStructured questionnaire survey was conducted on research subjects from four villages mainly working on greenhouses vegetable planting for three consecutive years during 2015-2017.Resident-groups of the corresponding villages were randomly selected each year and resident-groups were not repeat each year.All practitioner of greenhouses in selected resident-groups were included in this study.Face to face interview were conducted by investigators who had been trained uniformly.Personal information,work status as well as healthy information were obtained after the informed consent was signed.The questionnaire data were checked preliminarily and input into Epidata database.missing data were processed by a multiple fill method.Work characteristic Indexes in greenhouses were clustered by Latent Class Analysis.Research subjects were divided into high and low exposure group by a method of Genetic Predisposition Matching Score and then the prevalence of self-reported systemic disease was compared between two groups by difference test.At last,for diseases with statistical significance,pathway analysis of influence factors was analyzed by Directed Acyclic Graph.Part 2: Methods on objective measuresThe research subjects who accepted voluntarily physical examination and the collection of samples in greenhouses were included during the questionnaire survey.The physical examination of the subjects was carried out by health examination vehicle and doctors from Guotai Hospital in Yinchuan.Samples of vegetables and soil in the greenhouses were collected by a method of the plum blossom spot distribution.A total of about 0.5kg vegetables were collected.Five points from the edible parts of vegetables including upper,middle and lower as well as the maturity of vegetables were taken into consideration when vegetable samples were collected.A total of 1kg soil sample from 5 points every greenhouse from 5 to 15 centimeters deep were collected and sent back to laboratory in six hours for the detection of pesticide residue.Data of pesticide residue in every greenhouse was matched to physical and biochemical indexes of corresponding workers.Missing data were filled by multiple imputation.The impact of pesticide residue on the physical and biochemical indexes were analyzed and then cause-effect were further determined.Results Research results were divided into two parts including questionnaire survey and the subjective measures,as following: Part 1: The results on questionnaire surveyA total of 1368 practitioners in greenhouse completed questionnaire survey.The prevalence of cardiovascular disease,musculoskeletal diseases and digestive system disease was 7.91%,15.56% and 21.43% respectively;the prevalence of these three diseases mentioned above in high exposure group were higher than that in low exposure group.The number of years worked in the greenhouses was related significantly the pathogenicity network of cardiovascular and the risk of cardiovascular disease increased by 7.6‰ every year.High using frequency of pesticide mixture,failure to check for drug leakage during spraying and low personal protection were considered risk factors for musculoskeletal disease,increased incidence of musculoskeletal diseases by 13.56%,20.11%,and 42.62%,respectively.A high proportion of practitioners who sprayed pesticides themselves increased the chance for digest system disease by 14.90%.The incidence of digestive diseases was reduced if longer intervals for pesticide spraying and it would be reduced by 1.21% if delay spraying by one day.Part 2: The results on indexes of subjective measurementThe level of Pesticide residue in vegetables was higher than that in soil.The jumping point of some indexes of pesticide residues is lower than the limit value of national pesticide residues.The effect of carbamate pesticide residues in vegetables on LDL-C was bidirectional.The level of LDL-C was reduced effectively by Budweiser and Carnaub,while it was increased by Fenobucarb.LDL-C was increased effectively by Pyrethroids(cyhalothrin and cyhalothrin)can effectively increase the level of in the body,however,it was inhibited by organophosphorus pesticide residues(phoxim).The effect of carbamate pesticide residues on IgG was bidirectional.The effect of Fenobucarb on IgG was positive,while the effect of carbaryl and ethoprophos belonged to organophosphorus pesticides on IgG was negative.Level of MCH was affected significantly by pesticide residue in vegetable and soil.The level of MCH was increased effectively by the residue level of Fluorine chlorine cyanide in vegetable,while it was decreased by carbaryl,fenvalerate,ethoprophos,malathion and Dursban.The level of MCH was decreased by the residue level of MTMC(meta-tolyl-N-meth ylcarbamate)in soil,while it was increased by parathion-methyl and fenitrothion.Conclusion There are several important conclusions as following:(1)the prevalence of cardiovascular disease,Musculoskeletal diseases as well as digestive system disease in exposure group are higher than that in low exposure group.(2)The work environment in greenhouse affects significantly human health,especially cardiovascular disease,musculoskeletal diseases and digestive system disease.The main risk factors in greenhouses include working years in greenhouses,the use of pesticides mixture,the score of personal protective equipment and protection awareness and so on.(3)Physical biochemical indexes of workers are affected by pesticide residue in vegetables.The effect of carbamates pesticide residues in vegetables on LDL-C and IgG is bidirectional and the positive or negative role is depended on the type of pesticide;(4)Pesticide residue in soil and vegetable affects the level of MCH,which may be the reason for anemia in practitioners.(5)The jumping point of some indexes of pesticide residues is lower than the limit value of national pesticide residues,which shows that long-term exposure to low-dose pesticides may increase the sensitivity of body to pesticide residue.