Filter And Evaluation Of Non-drug Health-maintaining Methods Facing Extinction

There are a lot of knowledge and methods of health maintenance in ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),some of which have been adopted up to now,such as taijiquan,wuqinxi,acupoint application,etc.,and have contributed greatly to human health.However,there are still some ancient books of TCM health maintenance undiscovered due to their particularity,rendered some effective methods mothballed for a long time.It is through text mining and collation and scientific evaluation of ancient books that those methods faced with extinction can be rescued and mined methodically,and protected and inherited,which will enrich the methods and technical system of TCM preventive treatment of disease nowadays.ObjectiveThis paper is aimed to establish the evaluation system of non-drug methods of TCM health maintenance,and to guide the evaluation and filter of those methods scientifically.Through text mining and collation of ancient books,they are protected and inherited methodically and the methods and technical system of TCM preventive treatment of diseases is enriched.Methods and ContentsAnalysis of literature resources of ancient health-maintaining books and formulation of the principles for inclusionCollation and analysis of the information based on health-maintaining literature in General Catalogue of Ancient Books of Chinese Medicine were made in the following aspects:the completion date,the time of the edition,types,the distribution of the second category,and the current situation of the only existing copy,as well as relevant information included in series and collected Taoist scriptures.This paper explored the origin and development of those books and non-drug health-maintaining methods,and verified the relationship between different versions and their origin and changes of contents in the process of handing down,which provides reliable reference for the selection of bibliography and non-drug health-maintaining method.Extraction of non-drug health-maintaining methods in ancient booksFirstly,two concepts of "non-drug health-maintaining method" and "facing extinction" should be defined in the scope of traditional Chinese medicine.Secondly,the criteria and principles of extraction should be formulated.Then,relevant information is extracted from the 178 kinds of health-maintaining books following the principles within the fields of name,origin,original text,suitable crowds,indications,operation method,matters needing attention and taboos.Finally,the common characteristics of the extracted methods are summarized.Study on evaluation index system of non-drug health-maintaining methods facing extinctionThis paper summarized the common characteristics of those methods,and provided theoretical basis and reference for the construction of the evaluation index system.Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process were used to establish the model on the basis of the construction principles.Through literature inquiry,discussion within the research group,and interview of experts,the primary and secondary evaluation indicators were preliminarily drawn up.And it was through three rounds of consultation that the evaluation model which includes primary and secondary evaluation indicators was finally established.Then analytic hierarchy process(goal,criteria,indicators)was adopted to determine the weighting of each indicator,ensuring its practical application in the process of filter and evaluation.Filter and demonstration of non-drug health-maintaining methods facing extinction in ancient booksIn this part,the established evaluation index system was used to filter the top three methods from the extracted non-drug health-maintaining methods with high frequency and specific name through questionnaires collected from the experts.And demonstration research was carried out from the origin,theoretical basis and specific operation methods.Research on the development strategy of non-drug health-maintaining methods facing extinctionSWOT analysis was used in this paper to analyze the strength,weakness,opportunity and threat of the methods,thus stimulating the formulation of policy for research in the new era.ResultsA total of 551 kinds of literature of TCM health maintenance are embodied in General Catalogue of Ancient Books of Chinese Medicine.There are 404 kinds of literature completed before or in 1911,including 3 in Han dynasty,1 in the Three Kingdoms period,2 in Eastern Jin dynasty,1 in the Northern and Southern dynasties,23 in Tang dynasty,16 in Song dynasty,20 in Yuan dynasty,155 in Ming dynasty,and 183 in Qing dynasty.There are 338 kinds of literature whose time of edition was before or in 1911,including 156 in Ming dynasty and 182 in Qing dynasty;155 kinds whose time of edition ranged from 1912 to 1949(the Republic of China era);as well as 47 kinds whose time of edition remains unclear.There are mainly 312 kinds of wood-block edition,19 of lithograph,133 of stereotype edition,1 of mimeograph,7 of manuscript,and 99 of copied manuscript.There are three kinds of second category,including 309 kinds of general theory of health maintenance,157 of qigong and daoyin,as well as 85 of alchemy.There are altogether 225 kinds of unique copy,accounting for 40.83%of the total amount.Besides,there are 95 kinds of literature embodied in series and 109 in Daozang,Daozang Juyao,Daozang Jinghualu,and Daozang Jiyao.Two concepts of "non-drug health-maintaining method" and "facing extinction"were defined in the scope of traditional Chinese medicine,and principles of extraction were formulated.In the included 178 ancient books,there were 895 entries recorded in 91 kinds of ancient books in accord with the extraction principles.The most frequently recorded ancient books were Yangsheng Daoyinfa,Zunsheng Bajian,Husheng Baojing,Zhongwai Weisheng Yaozhi,and Laolao Hengyan.And the methods recorded have specific names.The top five methods with high frequency were Tiaoxifa,Cunxiang,Fuqi,Yannian Jiuzhuanfa,and Zhenren Qijufa.The evaluation system was preliminarily established through literature inquiry,discussion within the research group,and interview of experts following the construction principles,and was finally formed after two rounds of Delphi method.Analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weighting of the indicators of different levels,including four primary indicators of scientific(0.1799),safe(0.4048),effective(0.3246),and accessible(0.0907),as well as 15 secondary evaluation indicators of TCM theory support(0.0821),other science theories support(0.0163),modern medicine theory support(0.0371),documentation support(0.0424),expected safety(0.1422),ancient literature report(0.1249),modern literature report(0.1377),expected effectiveness(0.0971),ancient literature recording(0.1028),modern literature recording(0.1247),practicability(0.0295),economy(0.0123),acceptability(0.0172),operability(0.0165).and popularization(0.0152).Of the extracted 30 kinds of health-maintaining methods with high frequency and specific name,the established evaluation system was used to select the top ten methods with high scores through questionnaires of the experts.The results included Yannian Jiuzhuanfawith a score of 93.67,Camian Meiyanjue of 91.23,Chenxiyi Daoyin Zuogong of 89.90,Chisongzi Daoyinfa of 83.47,Zhenren Qijufa of 80.60,Fenxing Waigongjue of 77.93,Laozi Anmofa of 75.73,Tiaoxifa of 68.93,Zhuxian Daoyintu of 68.40,and Tianzhu Anmofa of 68.07.This paper expounded on Yannian Jiuzhuanfa,Camian Meiyanjue,and Chenxiyi Daoyin Zuogong from origin,theoretical basis,and specific methodsIn the new era,the strength,weakness,opportunity and threat of the research and utilization of non-drug health-maintaining methods facing extinction in ancient books can be summarized as follows.(1)Strength:with historical and cultural characteristics,and features of "simplicity,convenience,efficiency and cheapness",some traditional methods have enjoyed great popularity.(2)Weakness:the methods,that sometimes are secret,are recorded in ancient books,some of which have been the only existing copy.Besides,the difference of times and understanding of some words also made it difficult to comprehend.Therefore,what is needed in the research is theory innovation,practical experiences,scientific evaluation system,and methodical collation and mining of the information.(3)Opportunity:in the era of comprehensive health,non-drug health-maintaining methods caters for the public’s pursuit of health.The formulation of national policies ensures its prior development,and promotes the protection and development of the methods.(4)Threat:currently the public hasn’t got enough knowledge of health maintenance.With the changes of time and background,research and popularization are still insufficient.And talents specializing in research and dissemination are extremely in need.The approaches of research and utilization of non-drug health-maintaining methods facing extinction in ancient books are as follows.(1)The characteristics and functions should be maximized combined with the background to further expand its effects in the general public;(2)the cultural connotation should be mined for intangible culture protection;(3)emphasis should be placed on innovation for new development with characteristics of the era;(4)multi-dimensional rescue,sorting,mining,and practice of the methods should be realized;(5)the public’s knowledge of health maintenance should be enriched;(6)more talents of the related fields should be cultivated;(7)scientific evaluation is needed for the absorption of the essence and rejection of the dross;(8)more efforts should be put into the scientific research and the professional medical publicity and popularization.InnovationsFor the first time,the evaluation index system of non-drug health-maintaining methods facing extinction was constructed,and was used to guide the filter and evaluation of those methods in ancient books,which preliminarily verified that it was effective and feasible.For the first time,the concepts and connotations of "facing extinction" and"non-drug health-maintaining methods" were defined in the scope of traditional Chinese medicine.And the methods in ancient books were systematically sorted out,whose strength,weakness,opportunity and threat were also analyzed for the initiation of development policies in the new era.ConclusionEstablished evaluation system of non-drug health-maintaining methods facing extinction,including four primary indicators of scientific,safe,effective,and accessible,as well as 15 secondary evaluation indicators of TCM theory support,other science theories support,modern medicine theory support,documentation support,expected safety,ancient literature report,modern literature report,expected effectiveness,ancient literature recording,modern literature recording,practicability,economy,acceptability,operability,and popularization.In this research the health-maintaining methods of Yannian Jiuzhuanfa,Camian Meiyanjue and Ershisi Jieqi Zuogong Daoyinfa with high levels of anticipated safety and expected effectiveness,as well as scientific theory basis were selected.The evaluation system was confirmed to be effective and practicable in the process of evaluation and filter.The non-drug health-maintaining methods contained in the ancient books should be popularized and applied after the scientific evaluation,so as to give full play to the advantages of Chinese medicine in maintaining the health of the whole people.