Study On Forest Management Zoning Based On Landscape Pattern Stability

As an important natural resource,forest resource is a natural synthesis of forest,soil environment and all kinds of environmental factors that forest depends on.Forest landscape is a regional complex with high spatial heterogeneity,which is based on forest resources,with forest ecosystem as the core,coupled with land use types,environmental conditions and other factors.County,as the basic unit of linking city and town function,is the key level of carrying out forest resource management and management,coordinating the relationship between man and nature,and constructing ecological livable landscape.In view of the structure and functional characteristics of forest resources,the complexity of forest ecosystem and the versatility of forest landscape pattern,And the multi-level optimization of forestry management needs,develop county-scale forest resources structure,quality and function evaluation research,deepen the understanding of the relationship between forest resources structure,forest landscape pattern and function,enrich the theory and paradigm of forest economics.It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to improve the forest landscape management,weigh and optimize forest ecosystem services,and to promote the sustainable development of regional economy and society.This study takes Yixian County,Hebei Province,the eastern foot of the Taihang Mountain as the study area,and uses the forest resource inventory data of Yixian County in 2016,DEM,and Landsat TM remote sensing image data in 2017,and combines representative forest land surveys and Socio-economic data collection,with the support of remote sensing,geographic information system and other technical support,based on analysis software such as ArcGIS 9.3,ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2,IBM SPSS Statistics 24,Fragstats 3.3,and comprehensive use of forest ecosystem management principles,ecological stability principles and landscape Hierarchical theory.Based on the analysis of the forest resources and environmental foundation,structure,and overall quality of the county,using the landscape pattern index method,the forest landscape pattern and its hierarchical characteristics are analyzed from multiple angles.The path analysis method is used to identify and determine the forest resource landscape pattern.The leading factors of spatial differences,from the aspects of physical geography,socioeconomic development,human land development,etc.,apply partial correlation analysis to systematically study the key regulatory factors that affect the management of forest resources and landscape stability,and build a framework model in the GIS environment.And evaluated the stability of the forest landscape pattern in the county,and proposes the zoning optimization management strategy.The main research results and conclusions obtained are as follows:（1）Based on forest resource inventory data and DEM data,through methods such as terrain analysis and spatial statistics,comprehensive analysis of forest resource characteristics and quality in the study area.The study area is dominated by trees and shrubs,accounting for 97.07%of the forest resources,and the species are mainly Populus,Pinus tabuliformis,Quercus mongolica,Armeniaca sibirica,accounting for45.09%,19.09%,11.07%,5.68%and 19.02%respectively.The advantages of forest landscape resources in western mountainous areas are obvious,while those in eastern plains are smaller.Forest resources are mainly distributed in the shallow hilly areas below 300m and the middle mountain areas of 500m-800m.The structure of forest resources is relatively single,with the majority of young and half-mature forests,the area of artificial planting is large.The main forest management indicators is well below the national average.（2）Research based on hierarchy theory and landscape pattern analysis shows that,at the county landscape scale,landscape changes at different organizational levels respond strongly.Through the analysis of forest landscape pattern grade characteristics,splitting index（SPLIT）,Shannon’s diversity index（SHDI）and patch density（PD）exhibited a strong response to the changes in three levels of organizational level.As the level of organization is refined,the degree of landscape fragmentation increased,and the characteristics of plaque area and quantity gradually increased..The higher the organization level of forest landscape classification,the more obvious the trend of landscape spreading and aggregation,and the finer the organization level,the more spatial agglomeration and the cluster biochemical of each forest landscapes,and the more prominent the edge effect of landscape patches.Moreover,it has been proved that many factors affected forest landscape patterns and coupled with each other,such as the terrain and the land use type.From the mountain to the plain area,with the enhancement of the human activities,the forest landscape is fragmented,the complexity of patch shape and its spatial difference increased gradually.（3）At the county level,through the analysis of the relationship between forest landscape pattern characteristics and site,township socioal-economic indicators.Patches density（PD）,cohesion（COHESION）are more responsive to geographical environmental dominance and human activity interferences,low fragmentation,high connectivity,and diverse forest landscape are closely related to high elevation and high undulating terrain conditions.The larger the area ratio of proportion of cultivated land area（PCLA）,and proportion of resident construction land area（PRCLA）,the lower the degree of fragmentation and connectivity of forest landscape.Mean slope（MS）,soil depth（SD）and elevation difference（ED）as the basic control factors directly influence the cultivated land and the proportion of resident construction land area（PRCLA）and so on,thus producting the indirect effect in the forest landscape pattern.Under the certain terrain and soil conditions,reducing average population size（APS）,proportion of cultivated land area（PCLA）and proportion of resident construction land area（PRCLA）can reduce the fragmentation of forest landscape pattern and enhance the connectivity of forest landscape.（4）Through the analysis of the path analysis model,the quantitative influence of the site and township social-economic indicators on the landscape characteristics of the township layer is discussed.the analysis shows that,in the county scale,mean slope（MS）,soil depth（SD）,proportion of cultivated land area（PCLA）,proportion of resident construction land area（PRCLA）have great influence on the fragmentation of forest landscape pattern,and its explanation ability has reached 54%.Elevation difference（ED）in township unit,soil depth（SD）,average population size（APS）,proportion of cultivated land area（PCLA）and proportion of resident construction land area（PRCLA）in the township unit are higher than that of the spatial difference of the forest landscape pattern,has reached 60%.（5）From the three dimensions of the quantity,quality and forest landscape pattern of forest resources,the main indicators of forest resources and forest landscape management are clarified.Based on the topographic roughness（TR）and average soil depth as the control variables,the main controlling factors affecting the quantity,quality and landscape pattern of forest resources were studied.The average population size（APS）,the density and area of residential land and proportion of resident construction land area（PRCLA）,and proportion of mining land area have a greater impact on forest resources and landscape key indicators and management objectives.（6）Based on the forest landscape integrity（FLI）,forest ecological adaptability（FEA）and human disturbance（HD）,a framework model for evaluating forest landscape stability（FLS）was established,The equation is expressed as FLS=a·FLI×b·FEA×c·HD^-1.Through model evaluation and analysis,it is concluded that forest resources in different township units are transformed into different site adaptability conditions.The degree of forest landscape stability is related to terrain and township differences.Based on this,the study delineated four control zones for key optimization areas,general optimization areas,ecological restoration areas,and key conservation areas.According to the quality of forest resources,ecological adaptability and stability of landscape pattern in different districts,the corresponding multi-level forest resources,landscape management strategies are proposed.Furthermore,the strategy will guide the protection and development of forest resources scientifically.