| China is the largest country for raising pig in the world,and the count of pig bred accounts for more than 50% of the global.In recent years,with the implementation of the national policy of strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers,the pace of large-scale farming pig has accelerated,regional advantages are prominent,and product quality has been steadily improved.The pig industry has played an important role in ensuring the effective supply of livestock products.At the same time,China has a low degree of standardized breeding pig,weak epidemic prevention and control capabilities,high mortality of pig caused by various diseases,and the number of dead pig is up to 60 million heads per year.In 2013,the Ministry of Agriculture launched pilot work on the harmless disposal of dead pig in 19 provinces and 212 counties(districts).The Central Government Document No.1 has repeatedly emphasized the promotion of harmless disposal of dead pig.The government mainly adopts regulatory measures such as regulatory penalties,subsidies,publicity guidance,and contractual commitments to promote farmers to implement harmless disposal.However,problems such as the narrow coverage of harmless disposal facilities,non-standard disposal procedures,inadequate supervision,and inadequate long-term mechanisms are still serious.Improper disposals such as discarding,burying,and selling of dead pig occur from time to time.Dead pig handled improperly not only endangers ecology and production safety,but may also endanger food and public health safety.Therefore,how to promote farmers to implement the harmless disposal of dead pig has become the main purpose in the paper.Farmers’ behavior is the result of the combined effects of internal and external factors.Risk perception and environmental regulation provide new perspective on the harmless disposal of dead pig.Based on data from 514 farmers in Hebei,Henan,and Hubei,this study analyzes the characteristics and problems of farmers’ harmless disposal behaviors.Risk perception is divided from four aspects: ecology,production,food,and public health safety.Environmental regulation is characterized from four aspects of imperative,incentive,guiding,and voluntary regulation.Risk perception and environmental regulation indicator system is builded,and mathematical models are employed to explore the impact of risk perception and environmental regulation on farmers’ harmless reporting behavior,harmless decision-making behavior,harmless implementation behavior,and harmless disposal effect,finally promoting the harmless disposal of farmers based on research conclusion.The conclusion can provide theoretical and empirical support for the government to promote harmless disposal of dead pig.The conclusions are as follows.(1)Based on analysis of farmer’s harmless disposal behavior,the study found that the order of reporting in provinces with regard to the harmlessness reporting behavior is that: Henan> Hebei> Hubei,the order of different-scales farmers’ reporting is that: large-scale farmers> professional farmers> free-range farmers;48.25% of farmers can report the dead pig information in time.As for the harmless decision-making behavior,the proportion of farmers choosing harmless disposal in provinces is that: Hubei> Hebei> Henan,and the proportion of different-scale farmers is that: large-scale farmers > professional farmers > free-range farmers.As for the harmless implementation behavior,the order of the proportion of farmers entrusting to dispose in provinces is that: Hebei> Henan> Hubei,the order of entrusting disposal rate is that: Hebei> Henan> Hubei,and the order of recycling disposal rate in province is that: Hebei > Henan> Hubei.At the same time,the proportion of different-scale farmers is that: large-scale farmers > professional farmers > free-range farmers.Among the harmless disposal effects,the objective disposal effect(harmless disposal rate),the index average value is 0.7224.Subjective disposal effects include impacts on ecology,production,food,and public hralth safety.In general,the order of objective effects of harmless disposal in provinces is that: Hubei> Henan> Hebei.Additionally,Hubei farmers have the strongest subjective disposal effect,and professional and large-scale farmers have better objective disposal effects,but subjective effects of different-scale farmers are heterogeneous.(2)Through the measurement and analysis of risk perception and environmental regulation,the study found that there is obvious heterogeneity in the risk perception level of different provinces’ farmers.Farmers have the highest level of risk perception in Hubei,followed by farmers in Henan,and farmers have the lowest in Hebei.There are significant differences in the risk perception level of different-scale farmers.The professional farmers have the highest level of risk perception,followed by free-range farmers,large-scale farmers are the lowest.The intensity of environmental regulation in different provinces has obvious heterogeneity.Farmers in Henan have the highest intensity of environmental regulation,followed by Hubei,and farmers are lowest in Hebei.There are significant differences in the intensity of environmental regulation for different-scale farmers.Large-scale farmers have the highest intensity of environmental regulation,followed by professional farmers,and free-range farmers are the lowest.(3)By analyzing the impact of risk perception and environmental regulation on farmer’s harmless reporting behavior,the study found that: production and public health safety risk perception have positive incentive effect on farmer’s reporting decision,and ecological and food safety risk perception play positive role in promoting reporting timeless.Environmental regulation can restrict farmers to make harmless reporting decision,but the impact on reporting timeliness is weak.Incentive and guiding regulation positively regulate the impact of risk perception on farmer harmless reporting behavior.In addition,the popularity of modern communication equipment has played a positive role in promoting farmers harmless reporting behavior;risk perception and environmental regulation have strong heterogeneity with regard to the effects of different-scale farmers.(4)By analyzing the impact of risk perception and environmental regulation on farmer’s harmless decision-making behavior,the study found that production safety risk perception can promote farmer to make harmless disposal decision.Imperative and guiding regulation can constrain farmers to make harmless decision.At the same time,voluntary regulation positively regulates the effect of risk perception on farmer’s harmless decision-making behavior.Risk perception plays an intermediary effect in the risk cognition affecting farmer’s harmless decision-making,and the proportion of the moderating effect in the total effect is 26.75%.The imperative and incentive regulation has significant promoting effect on high risk aversion groud farmers’ harmless decision-making.The impact of risk perception and environmental regulation on different-scale farmers’ harmless decision-making behaviors has strong heterogeneity.(5)By analyzing the impact of risk perception and environmental regulation on farmer’s harmless implementation behavior,the results are as follows.Ecological and public health safety risk perception can promote farmer to implement entrusting disposal behavior.Imperative and voluntary regulation can restrict farmers to implement entrusting disposal behavior,and voluntary regulation can enhance the impact of risk perception on farmer’s entrusting disposal behavior.Risk perception and environmental regulation have strong heterogeneity in the effect of farmers joining in organization and different-scale farmers entrusting disposal behavior.Production and public health safety risk perception actively promotes farmer’s recycling disposal behavior.Environmental regulation has a positive role in promoting farmer’s recycling behavior.Additionally,imperative,guiding,and voluntary regulation play an enhanced moderating role in the impact of risk perception on farmer’s recycling disposal behavior.However,considering the heterogeneity of breeding scales and technical attributes,there are large differences in the effects of risk perception and environmental regulation.(6)By analyzing the impact of risk cognition and environmental regulation on farmer’s harmless disposal effect,the results are as follows.The higher the level of ecological,production,and public health safety risk perception,the more farmers are inclined to increase the harmless disposal rate.Environmental regulation can significantly increase the harmless disposal rate,and the effects of different dimensions have a strong inhibitory.On the whole,environmental regulation has not played the role of ―enhancer‖ in the impact of risk perception on the harmless disposal rate.However,this moderating effect has a shadowing effect,and the impact of guiding regulation positively regulate risk perception on the harmless disposal rate.The harmless disposal rate of the high-risk perception group is more 17.86% than that the low-group,and the harmless disposal rate of high environmental environment group is more 16.22% than that the low-group.The impact of risk perception and environmental regulation on ecology,production,food,and public health safety is highly heterogeneous.(7)Based on the conclusions,some countermeasures are proposed as follows: strengthening education on farmers’ safety risks and raising the level of risk perception;improveing the information reporting system for dead pig and increasing the timeliness of reporting;strengthening the supervision system for harmless disposal and enhancing the coverage of supervision;optimizing the incentive system for harmless disposal and stimulating the disposal initiative;enhancing the guidance intensity of harmless disposal and expanding the pertinence of technology;exploring the autonomous system of harmless disposal and enhancing the effect of contract governance. |
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