Calcium And Phosphorus Metabolism Of Sika Deer And Effective Ingredients Of Velvet Antler

Velvet Antler(VA)is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine.It will enrich a large amount of mineral elements during the period of rapid ossification.A part of the minerals come from its own skeleton in addition to the diets which always causes the physiological osteoporosis of male deer.The osteoporosis reverses totally and the body bone mineral density returns to normal level once the completion of antler ossification.In order to study the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and the material basis of velvet antler in sika deer.The research highlights the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and antler production performance of sika deer,carries out verification of promoting bone deposition of VA.Then small molecular substances were analyzed in different parts of VA based on metabonomics.The results provide data support for future in-depth study.The main contents and results are as follows:1.1-year-old sika deer was selected during the period of pilose antler growth.Different levels of calcium and phosphorus were set in the diet,the serum metabolic indexes and nutrient digestibility were analyzed.It's recommended that the appropriate level of calcium and phosphorus level in this period is 1.16% and0.80% which ratio is 1.45.2.Six-year-old sika deer were selected to analyze digestibility of nutrients serum biochemical indexes and antler production performance with different levels of calcium and phosphorus level in the diet.It was recommended that the suitable level of Ca is 1.10%~1.70% and P is 0.74%~1.22%.There is a threshold for dietary calcium digestion and absorption in the rapid ossification stage of VA.3.The rib tissue structure and tibial bone density of 6-year-old male deer were analyzed and compared in different growth stage.It was found that the deepest degree of rib osteoporosis occurs in the fastest minerals deposition.4.The contents of crude protein and 20 kinds of mineral elements in different parts of Sika Deer were analysed.the content of protein decreased gradually from the tip of antler to the base,while calcium and phosphorus increased gradually,and there were significant differences in different parts.5.To verify the ability of bone deposition in ovariectomized rat model using three-branches of VA.It was found that trigeminal antler effectively alleviated the symptoms of osteoporosis,increased ALP concentration,strengthened bone strength and increased femoral density.6.124 kinds of small molecule chemicals were identified in antler based on metabonomics which were mainly amino acids,fatty acids,sugars and other phosphatidyls.The differential metabolites in different regions were analyzed.16 substances with different relative contents in different regions of antler were further screened,and the phase in different regions was compared.The content provides a reference for further exploring the effective ingredients of pilose antler in promoting bone deposition in the future.It is the first time to study the phenomenon of bone mineral mobilization during the rapid growth period of VA in sika deer.It was found that the rapid ossification period occurred in the three-branches antler growth stage.The minerals,proteins and metabolic small molecular substances were determined and analyzed,which will provide a reference for the future research aiming to reveale the ability ofVA bone deposition.