Impact Of Fertilizer Application On Growth And Nutrient Absorption And Dutilization Of Different Crops Tomato In Greenhouse

In recent years,the water-fertilizer utilization rate of tomato in the greenhouse was low in production.To explore the relationship between tomato nutrient demand and fertilizer supply under the condition of drip water-saving irrigation system.The experiment was conducted in greenhouse with the special fertilizer for vegetables（16%N,5%P₂O₅,and 19%K₂O）.Four fertilizer levels based on nitrogen content were arranged from F1（high fertilizer）,F2（middle fertilizer）,F3（low fertilizer）and F4（no fertilizer）.This paper aimed to determine how the different water-fertilizer supply on the growing,yield and quality of different organs,dry matter accumulation dynamics,nutrient（nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium）uptake,distribution and transport characteristics and nutrient efficient use of greenhouse tomato.And the key stages and indexes of nutrient utilization were determined finally.There results were as follows:（1）Effects of fertilizer supply on plant growth and output.There was no significant deference in the leaf number and height of plant under four fertilizer levels.There was a positively relationship between fertilizer levels and leaf expansion rate,and a negatively relationship between fertilizer levels and diameter of stem.The relationship between the yield of two crops tomato and fertilizer levels was parabola.The highest yield was obtained in F2（290.61 kg/hm²）by 67776.93 kg/hm² and 127100.00 kg/hm²,respectively.With the increase of fertilizer application,the content of soluble sugar and nitrate increased,and the ratio of sugar to acid decreased,meanwhile the content of TSS,titratable acid and vitamin C increased first and then decreased.（2）Efficiency of nutrient absorption and utilization.The partial fertilizer productivity（PFP）showed a negative exponential decrease with the fertilization application.Nutrient efficiency of absorption and utilization decreased with the increase of fertilizer supply.The treatment of medium fertilizer（F2）maintained a basic balance between nutrient input and output from soil.The nutrient use efficiency of spring tomato was 1.5² times of that in autumn and winter tomato,however nutrient harvest index was lower 0.04 to 8 percentage points than the autumn and winter tomato.（3）Characteristics of nutrient absorption.The process of dry matter accumulation was in accordance with the logistic function trajectory,and the time of rapid accumulation of F2 was 1⁸d in advance than that of other treatments.The duration of rapid accumulation in F2 was longer than in other treatments.So the yield of F2 was higher than that of other treatments.In the main accumulation period of fruit nitrogen,the highest rate of N absorption was obtained at high accumulation rate（0.06¹.07 kg/hm²）under the treatment of F2.The absorption rate of N,P₂O₅ and K₂O showed a single peak curve.Compared with the spring tomato,the autumn-winter tomato obtained the more biomass in the late harvest time.（4）Characteristics of nutrient distribution.With the increase of fertilizer supply the distribution ratio of N,P₂O₅ and K₂O in vegetative organs increased,however the distribution ratio in the fruit reduced.The distribution ratio of N,P₂O₅ and K₂O was difference in different growth stages.The highest distribution ratio of N and K₂O in the autumn-winter tomato was in the fruit expanding period and the middle stage of harvesting period and the highest distribution ratio of P₂O₅ is in the middle stage of harvesting period.The highest distribution ratio of N of the spring tomato was in the middle stage of harvesting period,and the highest distribution ratio of P₂O₅ and K₂O in the early harvesting period.（5）Characteristics of nutrient transportation and contribution.The transportation amount of N,P₂O₅and K₂O from vegetative organs of tomato to fruit were 0.83¹4.91kg/hm²,0.47³.52kg/hm² and4.90⁴8.01kg/hm²,respectively,and the transportation rates were 0.59²0.43%,3.62¹2.80%and3.92³8.36%,respectively.The contribution rate of tomato nutrient transportation to fruit was 0²4%.The contribution rate of the autumn-winter tomato was higher than that of the spring,and both of them reduced with the increasing of the fertilizer supply and the contribution rate was lower than that of the grain crop（50%⁵7%）.Therefore,difference from the nutrient management concept of food crops as"storage before and transfer after",the nutrient management concept for tomato should be"drop before and fill after"to save fertilizer and achieve the effect of high production and efficiency.（6）The scientific fertilization model of tomato under the drip irrigation and fertilizer management with high yield and efficiency is proposed.4 times fertilizer applied in fruit expanding stage of autumn and winter tomato,with the fertilizer of N,P₂O₅,K₂O was 26.74,8.36,31.76 kg/hm² each time,respectively;5times fertilizer applied in harvest period,with the fertilizer of N,P₂O₅,K₂O is 28.46,8.89,33.79 kg/hm²each time,respectively.5 times fertilizer applied in fruit expanding stage of spring tomato,with the fertilizer of N,P₂O₅,and K₂O is 21.39,6.69 and 25.41 kg/hm² each time,respectively;8 times fertilizer applied in harvest period,with the fertilizer of N,P₂O₅,K₂O is 17.79,5.56,21.12 kg/hm² each time,respectively.