The Double Regulation Of Protection And Development:the Transformation And Reformation Of Forestry Governance At The County Level

Based on the theory of government governance,this study investigates the forestry governance from the double dimensions of protection and development in order to answer the limits county-level forestry governance suffered in the process of realizing "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets"and the motivations behind.The study taking a county's transformation and reform in forestry governance as a microcosmic case,which located in the southwest of Shaanxi Province and mainly through participatory and in-depth interviews to obtain information.The governance of forestry in Yang County has undergone a transformation from forestry governance dominated by economic development to forestry governance dominated by ecological protection,while the transformation of forestry governance reflected the governance logic of county-level upheld in the face of economic development and ecological protection.In the governance of county-level forestry governance,economic development and ecological protection has always been its main goal and from either of these two goals,it does not constitute a constraint on county-level forestry governance.However,judging from the current basic path of county-level forestry governance,the dual goal of economic development and ecological protection has become a major predicament of county-level forestry governance.The study found that in the county-level forestry governance,the local government plays a leading role and the local government's goal of governance led by economic development largely limits the effective implementation of ecological protection.Specifically,during the transformation process from the forestry governance led by economic development to the forestry governance dominated by ecological protection,forestry governance led by protection did not realize the transformation of its governance mode due to the force of the transformation of natural ecological environment and economic development.The governance way of economic-development-oriented is still being adopted in the county-level forestry governance,which is ecological-protection-oriented.This is mainly manifested in the project-based approach to governance,the pursuit of county economic development from the ecological protection,the maximization of the interests of the sector,the increase of farmers' income and the elimination of poverty in local areas,that is to say the county-level ecological protection-oriented forestry governance still follow the way of governance which is led by economic development.The reasons for the formation of such governance logic are objectively due to the unreasonable assessment to the county level and unsound governance mechanisms of the state and subjectively due to the finance of the county,poverty and the object of forestry governance targeted.At the same time,this study believes that in the government's forestry governance process,farmers have become another major governance body in addition to the government and have become the government's new "agent." This kind of agency mainly shows that after the reform of the collective forest right system,farmers take the place of the state and collective in the management of forest resoures.And in the process,peasants who are the new "agents"of the government try to change the way of forestry governance of government in various ways,and the game between the government and the peasants shape and correct the government's governance logic to a certain extent.Forestry governance as a typical representative of sector governance in current national governance system,in the process of its governance of protection and development of the dual regulation also focus reflects the the tension of departments and local governments,departments and countries,the existence of the tension from a certain extent,can lead to the development of forestry governance in protecting and swing back and forth between the two,so that the forestry governance on a pendulum model of governance.Forestry as an article in the county level administration,concentrated reflects its dual regulation in the economic development and ecological protection in the experience of transformation and change,transformation did not realize the governance mode and logical governance timely adjust and perfect.It is necessary to transfer from the aspects of governance goal and governance style in the process of realizing modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity...