| Camellia oleifera Abel.is a woody oil tree species,which has economic,ecological and social benefits,and been planted extensively in recent years.Therefore,to promote the health development and to provide more theoretical basis for Anhui C.oleifera industry,elite variety‘Dabieshan 1'was selected for experimental materials.Meanwhile,the study was conducted on C.oleifera trees of seedling,sapling,early fruiting,early full fruit,full fruit,late full fruit and senescence phases?2a,4a,6a,10a,14a,50a,70a?.The samples were taken in flower bud primordial formation period?early May??stamen and pistil maturity period?late August?and early blooming period?early October?,respectively.Enzymes activity,content of inclusions,nutrient element contents,and endogenous hormone contents by growth and developmental phases were investigated.The leaf transcriptomes were sequenced by the Illumina Hiseq 2000 platform.The main results and conclusions of this study are as follows:?1?There was a positive correlation between resistance value in the same organ of C.oleifera and tree age.The order of the average resistance value of C.oleifera organ was the base part of the stem<middle part<tip of shoot<2 years'leaf<1year'leaf.The range of water content in leaves of C.oleifera during different development stages was 65.67%-74.15%?early May?,61.64%-73.02%?late August?,and 60.76%-73.92%?early Oct.?,respectively.The range of water content of leaves in seedling and sapling stages was 72.92%-74.15%and 70.14%-71.31%,respectively.That was 61.74%-69.94%from early fruiting phase to late full fruit stage?6a-50a?.And that of senescence phase was 60.76%-65.67%.?2?The average activity of CAT in leaves of C.oleifera in early full fruit satge?10a?was the highest and was 94.11 U·g-1·min-1.Then that was 93.16 U·g-1·min-1 in seedling phase.That was 78.66 U·g-1·min-1 in full fruit phase ranked the third.That of senescence phase was the lowest and was 34.31 U·g-1·min-1.During the same process of flower bud differentiation,the activity of POD and PPO first increased and then decreased gradually with the rising of tree ages.And the activity of PPO in late fruit satge?50a?was the highest among the seven developments.The contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein and free proline of C.oleifera leaves from early fruiting phase to late full fruit phase?6a-50a?were significantly higher than juvenile phase?2a,4a?and senescence phase?70a?.There was no significant difference in free proline content among different age groups in May.However,there existed significantly different of free proline content at 0.01 among different developments in August and in October.?3?There were significant differences of C.oleifera spring shoot carbon content at 0.01 among different ages.The carbon content in spring shoots of seedling,sapling,early fruiting,early full fruit,full fruit,late full fruit and senescence phases were470.40 g·kg-1,475.86 g·kg-1,481.04 g·kg-1,488.86 g·kg-1,490.82 g·kg-1,476.46g·kg-1 and 464.87 g·kg-1,respectively.The nitrogen content in spring shoots of C.oleifera declined with rising of ages.The carbon content first increased then declined with rising of ages.The nitrogen content of C.oleifera under the seedling phase was the highest(14.63 g·kg-1)and that of senescence phase was the lowest(10.48 g·kg-1)in the seven ages.The ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the spring shoots increased with rising of ages.The order of total phosphorus content in spring shoots was October>August>May.From May to October,the highest growth rate of total phosphorus content was under early fruit phase?36.89%?;the smallest growth rate was in seedling phase?only 8.38%?.In the same differentiation period of flower buds,the contents of K and Ca in full fruit phase were both the highest among the seven phases;those of seedling phase were both the lowest.The range of Mg content in spring shoots of seven development stages was 2.04 g·kg-1-2.69 g·kg-1,1.86g·kg-1-2.12 g·kg-1,2.18 g·kg-1-2.52 g·kg-1,2.53 g·kg-1-2.99 g·kg-1,2.76g·kg-1-3.30g·kg-1,1.42g·kg-1-1.89 g·kg-1,1.12 g·kg-1-1.24 g·kg-1,respectively.Except for C.oleifera of seedling phase,the variation of Fe in spring shoots of the rest of six development stages was no significant difference.And the demand of Mn content was large in the sapling phase,early fruit phase and early full fruit phase.Content of Cu was in a‘decrease-increase-decrease'variation pattern with rising of ages.There were significant differences of Zn and B content at 0.01 among the growth development stages.?4?Level of DHZR in leaves of C.oleifera under early full fruit phase(20.11ng·g-1)was significantly higher than that of other development stages.Content of ZR,IAA and ABA in leaves of C.oleifera in late full fruit phase(19.41 ng·g-1,87.79ng·g-1,148.33 ng·g-1,respectively.)were all higher than those of other development stages.There was a negative correlation between DHZR,GA,IAA content in leaves and tree age.The other endogenous hormones concentrations in leaves were positively correlated with tree ages.There was an extremely significant negative correlation between GA content in leaves and tree ages?r=0.90**?,whereas a highly significant positive correlation was observed between ABA content in leaves and tree ages?r=0.0.88**?.The level of DHZR,ZR and ABA in buds first increased and then decreased gradually with the rising of tree ages;and the three endogenous hormones concentrations in buds of full fruit period were all the highest among seven stages,those of seedling phase were all the lowest.ABA contents in buds of C.oleifera in full fruit phase was the highest among seven stages;which was 115.226 ng·g-1 and was1.72 times,1.46 times,1.23 times,1.05 times,1.08 times,1.15 times as much as other stages respectively.Level of GA in buds of C.oleifera were 15.500 ng·g-1,17.142ng·g-1,13.580 ng·g-1,12.154ng·g-1,11.636 ng·g-1,12.622 ng·g-1,13.202 ng·g-1,respectively.The order of IAA content in buds of C.oleifera was August>May>October among seven development stages.IAA content in buds under seedling phase respectively increased under other development stages by 36.72%,67.58%,86.13%,111.43%,76.54%and 68.46%??5?In this study,the leaf transcriptome data of C.oleifera in seedling,early fruit and full fruit phases were obtained by Illumina Hiseq 2000 platform high-quality transcriptome sequence.24.38 G clean reads were obtained after 24.77 G raw reads original data was deduced.After assembly and splicing of reads clean,88,885 contig sequences and 38,989 unigene sequences were acquired.Among these unigenes,26,837 were functional annotated.Involving photoperiodic pathway,vernalization pathway,gibberellin pathway,autonomous pathway,FRI-dependent pathway,flower development pathway and floral organ gene in the 49 genes homologous were identified from these annotated genes.The main genes of FLC,SOC1 and SOC2 were the key genes of the floral pathway integrator.And CDF2,CDF3 and LHY genes,which were the key genes of the photoperiodic pathway;It showed that these genes play important roles in the regulation of regulating flowering,due to CDF2,CDF3,LHY unigene sequences were 7,3,3,respectively.In summary,physiological and biochemical indexes of C.oleifera were changed obviously during different growth and development stages.At the same time,Camellia genuses without overall genome-wide data were provided a large number of reference sequences from the already obtained transcriptome data in this research,which greatly promoted the functional genomics of C.oleifera.Moreover,it also provided a new theoretical basis for the early and high yield cultivation of C.oleifera,scientific formula fertilization,flower bud formation of C.oleifera and shortening the seedling period of C.oleifera. |
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