Main Quality Indices Of Gentiana Crassicaulis In Lijiang And The Correlation With Soil Characteristics Research

Gentiana macrophylla is the dry root of(Gentiana macrophylla Pall.),(Gentiana straminea Maxim.),(Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.)and(Gentiana dahurica Fisch.).Gentiana crassicaulis is one of the four original plants of Gentiana macrophylla.It mainly distributes in Sichuan,Guizhou,Yunnan and Tibet.Lijiang is a geo-authentic habitat of Gentiana crassicaulis,according to the regional survey,there are nearly a thousand hectares of Gentiana crassicaulis.To study the effects of soil chemical properties on Gentiana crassicaulis medicinal quality,this study collected Gentiana crassicaulis materials from Lijiang as the research objects.Through the determination of medicinal quality indicators and soil chemical properties,this research evaluated the quality of Gentiana crassicaulis and explored the relationship between the active ingredient of Gentiana crassicaulis and its cultivating soil factors.By correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis,this study screend out the main soil factors which affect the quality of Gentiana crassicaulis medicinal materials.The main results were as follows:1.Main quality indexes of Gentiana crassicaulis and the content of inorganic elements in Gentiana crassicaulisThe contents of acid insoluble ash and total ash are 0.31%and 2.81%,respectively.They are within the maximum limits of 8.0%total ash content,and 3.0%acid insoluble ash content by reference to"Chinese Pharmacopoeia"(2010).The average content of polysaccharide is 3.70%.The average contents of loganic acid,gentiopicroside and swertiamarin and sweroside are 1.53%,4.65%,0.35%and 0.07%,respectively.The total content of loganic acid and gentiopicroside is much higher than 2.5%which meet the requirements of the "Chinese pharmacopoeia"(2010).The average content of alcohol soluble extract is 28.49%,which is higher than the minimumlimit of 24.0%required by "Chinese Pharmacopoeia"(2010).Results show that Gentiana crassicaulis in Lijiang have good quality and can be used as high-quality medicine herbs.The content of inorganic elements(K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn and Cu)in Gentiana crassicaulis is rich.The content of seven kinds of inorganic element in order is K(7855.12 mg/kg)>Ca(2031.60 mg/kg)>Mg(1037.65 mg/kg)>Fe(206.53 mg/kg)>Mn(26.93 mg/kg)>Zn(24.91 mg/kg)>Cu(2.74 mg/kg).2.Quality evaluation of Gentiana crassicaulisin LijiangAccording to principal component analysis of the quality index component,HPLC fingerprint and inorganic elements,the quality index comprehensive evaluation result and fingerprint comprehensive evaluation result are highly consistent.The quality of No.2,14,22,24,3,4,17,8,9,25 samples are excellent.No.15,16,21,18,1,7,6,12,13,20,26,10 samples are of poor quality.50%of the eight samples from Ludian village is of excellent quality;25%of the eight samples taken from the Chufeng village is of excellent quality;of the six samples taken from the Anle village,the high quality medicine account for 33%;of the four samples taken from the Lameirong,the high quality medicine account for 25%.Whereas,the poor-quality medicinal material proportion are Ludian village(25%),Chufeng village(65%),Anle village(50%),Lameirong(50%),respectively.The comprehensive rank is Ludian village>Anle village>Lameirong village>Chufeng village.According to seven kinds of inorganic elements evaluation,88%samples from Ludian village are in good quality;Chufeng village(38%),Anle village(33%),Lameirong village(25%)are in good quality.According to the comprehensive ranking by inorganic elements,Ludian village medicine quality is the best.3.Soil characteristics of Gentiana crassicaulis in lijiang Layer(A)is weak acid soil,the organic matter content is 72.14 g/kg in average,which is extremely high;The available nitrogen content is upper middle,109.50 mg/kg in average.The available phosphorus content is high,78.56 mg/kg in average.The available potassium content is extremely high,205.16 mg/kg in average.The total nitrogen content is extremely high,2.56 g/kg in average.The total phosphorus content is extremely high,1.23 g/kg in average.The content of total potassium is low,6.66 g/kg in average.The exchangeable calcium is 1329.66 mg/kg,exchangeable magnesium is 92.78 mg/kg,the available iron is 55.82 mg/kg,the available manganese is 59.57 mg/kg,the available zinc is 2.65 mg/kg,and the available copper is 0.97 mg/kg.The average soil pH value of layer(B)is 5.82,indicates weak acid.Organic matter content is high,38.00 g/kg in average.The total nitrogen content is extremely high,2.11 g/kg in average.Total phosphorus content is high,0.90 g/kg in average.The total potassium content is low,6.07 g/kg in average.Available nitrogen is 77.69 mg/kg,available phosphorus content is high,24.08 mg/kg in average.Available potassium content is extremely high,166.97 mg/kg in average.The exchangeable calcium content is extremely abundant,1212.51 mg/kg in average.The exchangeable magnesium content is 103.44 mg/kg,within medium suitable scope.The available iron content is extremely abundant,58.62 mg/kg in average.The available zinc content is abundant,1.82 mg/kg in average.The available manganese content is abundant,29.54 mg/kg in average.The available copper content is abundant,1.30 mg/kg in average.The soil pH value of parent material layer(C)is 5.97 in average,weak acid.Organic matter content is high,33.33 g/kg in average.Total nitrogen content is high,2.04 g/kg in average.Total phosphorus content in upper,0.78 g/kg in average.Total potassium content is low,6.48 g/kg in average.Available nitrogen content 61.08 mg/kg is lower.Available phosphorus content is upper,10.64 mg/kg in average.Available potassium content is high,155.13 mg/kg in average.Exchangeable calcium content is extremely rich,1262.10 mg/kg in average.Exchangeable magnesium content is medium,115.32 mg/kg in average.Available iron content is very rich,the average content 52.92 mg/kg.Available zinc content is rich,1.47 mg/kg in average.Available manganese content is rich,16.03 mg/kg in average.Available copper is 1.27 mg/kg in average.The distribution of soil profile shows that the content of each soil layer is high,content of nutrients decrease gradually with the increase of the depth.The average contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium decrease with increasing of soil depth.pH value increases with the increasing of soil depth.With the increase of soil depth,the decreasing trend of the total potassium is not obvious.The changing extent of the exchangeable calcium is higher in surface soil than in the lower soil.Exchangeable magnesium content gradually increases with soil depth.Content of trace element available iron in surface soil is not significantly different from that in the lower soil.With the deepening of the profile soil,available manganese and available zinc decline gradually.Content of available copper in layer(A)is lower than in layer(B)and layer(C),content in layer(B)and in layer(C)is very close.4.The correlation between Gentiana crassicaulis each component contentAlcohol soluble extract and gentiopicroside and swertiamarin are significantly positively related.Gentiopicroside and three other iridoid glycoside substances are of significant positive correlation.Loganic acid and sweroside is significantly positive correlation.Acid insoluble ash content and iron content is significantly positively related,the polysaccharide content has significant negative correlation with zinc.Total ash is positively correlated with potassium,magnesium,iron and copper,respectively.Loganic acid and gentiopicroside have significant positive correlation with copper.Gentiopicroside and sweroside are positively correlated with potassium.Magnesium is significantly positive correlated with zinc and iron.Potassium and copper,manganese and zinc are significantly positive correlated.5.Correlation between quality indicators of Gentiana crassicaulis and soil quality indicatorsCorrelation analysis and stepwise regression analysis shows that available P,N and pH in soil have significant effect on quality indicators of Gentiana crassicaulis.Soil available nitrogen,available potassium,total phosphorus and total nitrogen mainly affect the inorganic elements content in Gentiana crassicaulis.But the total potassium has no obvious effect on Gentiana macrophylla.Quality indicators of Gentianae macrophylle are mainly affected by available copper and available iron in soil,followed by available zinc,exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium.Overall,plowing layer(A layer)has the greatest influence on quality of Gentiana crassicaulis,followed by plough formation layer(B layer),and parent material layer(C layer).Through research on the main soil factors affecting the quality of Gentiana crassicaulis,we can provide theoretical basis for Gentiana crassicaulis standardization production and improve the quality of Gentiana crassicaulis.