Influencing Mechanism And Optimum Design Of Fexible Parking Incentive Measure For Shared Parking

In the face of the increasingly prominent parking problem in cities,shared parking has become a new approach for local governments to ease urban parking as such strategy,with less time,space and capital investment,can integrate urban parking resources and improve the utilization of existing parking space.Although many scholars have tried to promote staggered sharing of parking services,relevant measures,mainly through top-down administrative means,require various affiliated parking lots to be open to the public,which ignores the guiding role that economic lever plays in solving urban parking problems.In view of that,this paper proposes a shared parking strategy,also called “flexible parking incentive measure”,that encourages commuting drivers to actively share their commuter parking berths and choose other green modes of travel by granting subsidies.Firstly,research and develop smartphone-based mobile apps and backstage management system by analyzing the function needs of flexible parking incentive measure,and conduct intentional paper questionnaire survey on some commuting drivers in Nanjing City;specific survey contents include individual parking bid information,travel track,and other basic attribute information on individual family,social economy,and working and residence areas.Based on data on daily track of commuting drivers collected by smart phones and by adopting DBSCAN-based(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise)data processing method,divide and demarcate “trip-chain" segments from the continuous and stateless behavior trajectories,and divide individual commuter travel modes by constructing an improved random forest model on the basis of taking into account such characteristics as aggregation degree of trajectory points,velocity distribution and direction change,in order to further identify the daily travel behavior of commuting drivers.Secondly,conduct statistical analysis of travel behavior characteristics of commuting drivers,and based on partial least squares,build structural equation model of commuting travel behavior response to analyze key influence factors such as socio-economic attribute,weather when traveling,and schedule of activities,and to explore decision-making mechanism of commuting drivers under flexible parking incentive measure;construct evolution model of parking bidding behavior based on multivariable Cox-hazard regression,select key factors such as working and residential areas,bidding amount,and bidding times according to parameter significance,and explore laws of affecting driver's parking bidding behavior evolution by applying sensitivity analysis method.The research shows that improving the accessibility of other travel modes of users' occupational and residential areas,increasing the quota of bidding applications for flexible parking incentive mechanism,increasing the success rate of bidding,and guiding individuals to plan ahead the use of parking spaces can effectively encourage drivers to participate in the flexible parking incentive mechanism,thus promoting them to turn to other green,low-carbon commuting modes.Thridly,use game theory to analyze the interaction process between drivers and parking lot management parties under flexible parking incentive measure.Based on integrally considering interest appeal of both parties,mechanism operation targets and application of situational constraints,establish operation benefit calculation model of flexible parking incentive measure to explore the effect of factors,like parking demand,number of demanders and incentive intensity,on the operation benefit of flexible parking incentive measure in three different situations where the expected parking demand is “greater than”,“equal to” or “less than” the actual demand.The results of the model show that the "profit-seeking" character of the flexible parking incentive measure can ensure that the marginal revenue of berth recovery increases gradually with the increase of the proportion of people with acceptable minimum incentive intensity,thus effectively hedging the economic risks arising from actual operation.Finally,introduce concepts and calculation methods related to carbon footprint.From the aspects of economic benefit,traffic benefit and environmental benefit,construct a comprehensive effectiveness evaluation system for flexible parking incentive measure and select improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process as the evaluation method to evaluate each indicator by calculating reciprocal fuzzy judgment matrix,and by further taking parking lot of Zhanyuan Mall in Nanjing City as an example,to overally evaluate policy effects of flexible parking incentive measure.The case evaluation shows that flexible parking incentive measure can not only bring additional economic benefits to parking lots,but also improve the utilization of parking resources and reduce traffic environmental pollution.