| In the modern society with the rapid development of science and technology,it always relies on the huge consumption of resources and fossile energy to promote economic development.Over the past 100 years,this unbalanced development pattern has led to various environmental problems on the earth,so the future development of science and technology should focus on the efficient use of resources and the development of alternative energy.Combined with the regional characteristics,this study was the first to propose the use of Euonymus meaackii Rupr.fruits as the research objects to carry out the related research on biodiesel development.E.meaackii Rupr.seed kernel was applied to extract oil resources,and bio-based microspheres were prepared using lignin and cellulose extracted from E.meaackii Rupr.pericarp,and the biodiesel was prepared by transesterification of E.meaackii Rupr.seed oil.This research provides a scientific basis for the utilization of biological resources from the perspective of the efficient utilization of resources and the search for alternative energy resources.The results were as follows:1.Optimization of the extraction parameters for the extraction of E.meaackii Rupr.seed oil by ultrasonic assisted organic solvent extraction method using response surface methodology and artificial neural network methodology,and the quality of E.meaackii Rupr.seeds in northeast of China was evaluated by web crawler technologyOn the basis of single factor experiment and BBD optimization experiment,combined with response surface methodology(RSM)and artificial neural network methodology(ANN),the optimal ultrasonic assisted organic solvent extraction process parameters of E.meaackii Rupr.seed oil were determined.RSM:extraction solvent n-hexane,extraction time 42 min,extraction temperature 44? particle size 60 mesh,ultrasonic power 225 W,liquid/solid ratio 14 mL/g.ANN:extraction solvent n-hexane,extraction time 41 min,extraction temperature 42?,particle size 60 mesh,ultrasonic power 225 W,liquid/solid ratio 14 mL/g.Under the optimal conditions of response surface methodology and artificial neural network methodology,the average extraction yields were 58.57%and 58.76%with the RSD values of 1.76%and 0.96%,respectively.It can be found that the artificial neural network methodology optimization was better than the response surface methodology,which possessed wider application and more accurate results.Then the average extraction yield E.meaackii Rupr.seed oil was 58.84%with the RSD value of 1.91%as combined with the investigation of extraction kinetics under the optimum conditions.The known E.meaackii Rupr.coordinates in PPBC were obtained by using crawler technology for sample collection.The compositions of E.meaackii Rupr.in Heilongjiang province was analyzed dynamically over the years(2015-2015),and the compositions of E.meaackii Rupr.in Jilin,Liaoning and parts of Inner Mongolia was analyzed.GC-MS analysis was carried out on the E.meaackii Rupr.seed oil in different collection areas.The main components were palmitoleic acid,palmitic acid,linoleic acid,oleic acid,stearic acid,11-eicosaenoic acid and arachidic acid.And the relative content of each component of E.meaackii Rupr.seed oil obtained in Harbin,Heilongjiang province was 2.01%,14.53%,49.34%,29.81%,3.12%,0.10%,0.07%,respectively.Meanwhile,the physicochemical properties of E.meaackii Rupr.seed oil were also determined,which showed that E.meaackii Rupr.was an excellent biodiesel feedstock with development potential.2.The bio-based microsphere catalyst of E.meaackii Rupr.pericarp was preparedAfter pretreatment and purification,a bio-based microsphere catalyst carrier was constructed,and then the heterogeneous catalyst phosphotungstic acid was immobilized on the bio-based microsphere to prepare the bio-based microsphere catalyst.The optimal conditions for obtaining lignin and cellulose from E.meaackii Rupr.pericarp by ethanol hydrothermal pyrolysis method were:pyrolysis time of 100 min,pyrolysis temperature of 180?,the amount of pyrolysis catalyst of 0.05 mol/L,liquid/solid ration of 10:1 mL/g and pyrolysis ethanol concentration of 65%,and the cellulose purity ad lignin yields were 88.32%and 84.51%,respectively.The lignin obtained were calined and sulfonated to prepare the lignin sulfonic acid with catalytic ability.Bio-based microspheres were prepared by cellulose treated by alkaline double oxidation system and lignin sulfonic acid,and heteropoly acid was immobilized on the above bio-based microspheres,which were characterized and analyzed by FT-IR,SEM,BET and XRD.The results showed that the bio-based catalyst carrier immobilized heteropoly acid microspheres possessed high catalytic performance and wide applicability,which could be applied in the preparation of biodiesel from other plant oils.3.Optimization of the process parameters for preparation of biodiesel from E.meaackii Rupr.seed oil using bio-based microsphere catalyst,and the kinetics of oil conversion was investigated systematicallyThe bio-based microsphere catalyst was used in the preparation of biodiesel by catalytic transesterification of E.meaackii Rupr.seed oil,and compared with tranditional acid/base catalyst,the catalytic performance was better and more green and efficient.The process parameters of transesterification were optimized by single factor and CCD optimization experiments combined with artificial neural network methodology,reaction time 40.25 min,reaction temperature 61.54?,catalyst amount 8 wt%,methanol/oil molar ratio 10.56:1,microwave power 600 W,stirring speed 400 r/min,recycle number of catalyst 5 cycles.Under the optimal catalytic conditions mentioned above,the biodiesel yield achieved 93.19%after GA-BP optimization.In addition,the kinetics of the preparation of biodiesel from the transesterification of E.meaackii Rupr.seed oil by bio-based microsphere catalyst was studied.The experimental results showed that the conversion yield and reaction time of biodiesel was first-order kinetic reaction,and the activation energy of the reaction was calculated as 50.99 kJ/mol by the arrhenunis equation.The kinetic experiment results showed that the conversion yield of biodiesel reached the peak value at 40 min,and the prolonged reaction time did not significantly improve the conversion yield.Finally,40 min was selected as the appropriate reaction time.In addition,the process of fatty acid transesterification was theoretically analyzed by means of quantum chemical calculation,and the results showed that the chemical nature of the transesterification process of E.meaackii Rupr.seed oil was the transesterification reaction between ester bond and methanol hydroxyl group in triglyceride molecules.4.The development and utilization of E.meaackii Rupr.seed kernel was studied and the quality of biodiesel prepared by E.meaackii Rupr.seed oil was evaluatedThe extraction yield of E.meaackii Rupr.seed oil was 38.64%,which was similar to the results of the small scale test in the laboratory.The biodiesel yield was 84.80%,and saponins,proteins,starch and glycerol were also obtained as the by-products of industrial raw material,respectively.Above experimental results showed that E.meaackii Rupr.seeds can be carried out large-scale development and utilization of resources,obtaining high extraction yield and good stability,stable oil conversion process,the E.meaackii Rupr.biodiesel with good quality,so as to realize the deep development and utilization of E.meaackii Rupr.seed resources,and to provide scientific and technological support dor the industrial utilization of E.meaackii Rupr.resources.In addition,GC-MS was performed to determine the biodiesel product prepared by E.meaackii Rupr.seed oil.The results showed that the main ingredients of biodiesel products prepared by E.meaackii Rupr.seed oil were palmitoleic acid methyl ester,palmitic acid methyl ester,linoleic acid methyl ester,oleic acid methyl ester,stearic acid methyl ester,11-eicosaenoic acid methyl ester and arachidic acid methyl ester and the total relative content achieved 98.98%.The physicochemical properties of biodiesel products conform to the standards of biodiesel production,which indicating that the E.meaackii Rupr.in northeast of China is a widely distributed and highly adaptable woody oil plant that can be used as a potential alternative energy resources for fossil fuels.This study sustematically investigated the quality evaluation of E.meaackii Rupr.resources,oil extraction,bio-based catalyst prepared with E.meaackii Rupr.pericarp,oil transesterification,kinetic analysis and quality evaluation of biodiesel product.Moreover,the process amplification and verification were carried out.This paper proposes an innovative research idea and scientific research foundation of the whole industrial chain were proposed for the multilevel utilization and efficient development of E.meaackii Rupr.resources,which possesses important guiding significance and scientific value for the development and utilization of forest source energy tree species in China. |
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