Systematic Optimization Of The ⁸⁷Sr Atomic Optical Lattice Clock And Study Of Space Optical Clock

In recent years,with the significant increase in frequency uncertainty and stability of neutral atomic optical clocks,research around neutral atomic optical clocks has become more widespread.Due to the development of optical clock related technologies,optical clocks are not limited to the study of time-frequency benchmarks,but are more used as a scientific tool.As one of the most competitive next-generation time-frequency benchmarks,the strontium atomic optical clock occupies a very important position in the study of time-frequency reference,which is worthy of research by researchers,and uses the strontium atomic optical clock as the basic detection.The research progress in physical constants,gravitational fields and other quantum physics phenomena has also become the focus and hotspot of current optical clock research.At present,most of the research on laboratory optical clocks is in the study of the performance of optical clocks,such as the uncertainty and stability of the optical clock frequency.Although the research teams in the world have made breakthroughs in the performance evaluation of optical clocks,In particular,the Y Jun group of NIST in the United States has measured the optical clock frequency by 10^-19 orders of magnitude,which not only makes the strontium atomic optical clock a step further for the definition of the next generation,but also enables humans to achieve frequency control great progress.The result proves that human research technology for optical clock has become mature,and it shows that the research goal of optical clock has gradually moved from the breakthrough of optical clock technology to the practical application of optical clock technology.Therefore,the optimization of the optical clock system makes it more suitable for various practical applications.This research topic will occupy an important part in the development of the future optical clock,especially the miniaturization,mobilization and spatialization of the optical clock.In the future,the future optical clock system will pay more attention to the application value of its system.This paper mainly introduces the optimization of the optical clock system and the research of its important application space optical clock,but the most important focus is on the development of the optical clock system and the research process,the optimization of the preparation of the cold atom in each stage,and finally the performance of the optical clock system and The technical aspects have been improved.In the development process of the optical clock system,through the primary cooling of the helium atom,the secondary cooling,the optical lattice loading,the closed loop of the optical clock and the measurement of the stability,this paper will introduce the system optimization of each aspect.In system optimization,I completed the following work:1.This paper first discusses the equipment optimization of building a new optical atomic clock system,and carries out the engineering and integrated design of the physical system design of the optical clock,which has guiding significance for the later construction of the physical system of the next-generation optical clock and space optical clock.In the study of atomic beam deceleration or Zeeman deceleration,the influence of cutoff speed on primary cooling is studied.The design parameters selection of Zeeman reducer is analyzed.According to the established atomic beam deceleration captured atomic estimation model,the suitable reducer is proposed.The feasibility of the design,the results have a corresponding guidance on the system energy reduction and intensive design,in the deceleration effect to achieve the lowest speed of the atom from 500m/s to about 50m/s deceleration results.In the first-stage cooling,the laser frequency conversion,optical path design,primary cooling and pumping optical analysis and temperature measurement of the first-stage cold atomic group were carried out,and the first-stage cooling temperature was 5 mK and the atomic number was 2.3×10⁷.The evaluation results are more than 10 times larger than the number of atomic samples before optimization.The final prepared cold atoms were used to carry out the next stage of red MOT loading.2.In the aspect of secondary cooling,ie narrow linewidth cooling,this paper firstly studied the research background of this cooling and the research content of international groups.The significance of the research on narrow linewidth cooling and its research prospects were analyzed.Through the results of investigation and analysis,this paper discusses the influencing factors of narrow linewidth cooling,and carries out the simulation calculation of the corresponding influencing factors.In the comparison of the calculation results with the experimental phenomena,the experimental operation of narrow linewidth cooling is made.The practical significance in it is highopticaled.In addition,in the narrow linewidth cooling,the cooled atomic sample 87Sr has a complex energy level structure.In addition to trapping laser,it is necessary to add homogenized laser as an auxiliary cooling laser.For the addition of homogenized laser,this paper is simple in two aspects.Analysis,the analysis results indicate that the frequency adjustment and the amount of detuning in the experiment for the homogenized optical and the trapped laser indicate the direction.Finally,under the action of homogenized laser,the secondary cooling atomic temperature is about 4?K and the atomic number is 3.5×10⁶.In the ultra-low temperature atom,in order to explore the interaction between optical and atom,this paper firstly realizes the momentum space crystal based on fermion ⁸⁷Sr.In the research process,the paper firstly simulates the momentum space crystal,and analyzes and summarizes its evolution process.In the experiment,the laws of evolution were verified one by one,and the results were consistent.This result indicates that the initial calculation of the momentum space crystal is reasonable and advances the research work of the momentum space crystal.3.The work of this paper also focuses on the optimization of the space optical clock and the development of the prototype of the space optical clock.As a representative of future technology,space optical clock technology realizes the arduous operation of placing the current huge ground clock system on the space station and realizing the operability of the optical clock.In the development of the ground platform optical clock to the space optical clock,the depth of the optical clock system is optimized to meet the transportation and operation requirements of the space station.In terms of optimization,this paper implements the built-in of the MOT coil,the built-in of the atomic furnace,and the implementation of the permanent magnet Zeeman reducer.The above optimization is of great significance for the miniaturization and spatialization of the space optical clock.In the development stage of the principle optical machine of the space optical clock,combined with the optimization of the optical clock system,the correlation analysis of the subsystem of the space optical clock is carried out,and the research significance of the prototype of the space optical clock is discussed.The optimization of the optical system,the theoretical principle research and the analysis of the experimental results.In the end,the paper realized the development of two generations of space optical clock prototypes,and also realized the key techniques such as modal analysis and hexagram analysis of spatial optical clock.The successful development of the prototype proves that the space optical clock is spatialized on the physical vacuum system,which is feasible.