Research On Andre Gorz's Ecological Marxism

Andre Gorz(1924—2007)is a famous left-wing thinker in France and as the main representative of ecological Marxism,on the basis of deep reflection on the political economy of capitalism,he began a comprehensive and systematic critique of capitalism from the perspective of ecology.In Gorz'sopinion,capitalists pursue the maximization of wealth under the domination of economic rationality,the blind pursuit of profit has led to increasingly serious ecological problems,and the ecological crisis is the root cause of all other crises in capitalist society.It can be said that Gorz believes that the ecological crisis of capitalism is the cause and reflection of the intensification of contradictions between man and nature,man and man,man and society.To get rid of the ecological crisis,we need to change the way of production and life that capitalism only pursues with profit and on the basis of following the ecological rationality,self-management and self-limitation are realized through joint social cooperative organizations to realize the transcendence of ecological socialism over capitalism.Gorz insisted on the task of criticizing capitalism with reference to socialism,however,it reverses the nature of capitalism's pursuit of profit maximization by setting limits on economic rationality and turns the socialist revolution into a cultural revolution by the obvious utopian color way.Correctly grasping the value and limitation of ecological Marxism in Gorz and it is important to explore the great realistic significance in promoting the construction of ecological civilization in contemporary China.There are seven chapters: the first chapter is the introduction.The second chapter explains the realistic background and the theoretical origin of Gorz's ecological Marxist thought.The third chapter,the foruth chapter and the fifth chapter are the main part of the thesis and they analyze the presupposition and the topic also the purport of Gorz's ecology.The sixth and seventh chapters are the extension of the main body of the thesis and discuss the evaluation and contemporary value of Gorz's ecological Marxist thought.The conclusion summarizes the core of the thesis.In chapter one,the introduction introduces the raise of the problem,the research ideas,the research design and the methods of the problem.In chapter two,it explains the realistic background and theoretical origin of Gorz's ecological Marxist thought.As for the realistic background,it includes the life experience of Gorz and the development of capitalist society.In terms of theoretical origin,Gorz inherited and developed various social critical theories,such an the thought of historical materialism of Marxism,Sartre's existentialism and Lefebvre's theory of everyday life and it lays a solid theoretical foundation for ecological criticism of capitalist society.In chapter three,it puts forward the premise of Gorz's ecological Marxist thought.Marx's criticism of capitalism is rely on his political economy.On this basis,Gorz makes a new interpretation of capitalist political from the perspective of ecology: first of all,Gorz clarifies the new changes in the meaning of labor,after making a judgment on the connotation of alienated labor in modern industrial society,he puts forward the true connotation of labor and forms a new view of labor liberation.Secondly,Gorz analyzes the alienation of the traditional working class caused by the capital exploitation of labor in the capitalist society and it is emphasized that only the non-workers and non-classes who can realize the harmonious coexistence between nature and human society are the real revolutionary power and historical subject.Thirdly,under the premise that ecological rationality replaces economic rationality,the paper puts forward the principle of rebuilding the critique of Marxist political economy and realizes the transformation of socialist ecology.In chapter four,it expounds the topic of Gorz's ecological Marxist thought.The ecological critique of capitalism: Gorz first reveals the inevitability of ecological crisis under the domination of economic rationality.Secondly,Gorz's criticized the science and technology.It reveals that science and technology,which should be neutral,has been reduced to bourgeois ideology and it became a tool for the bourgeoisie to achieve class rule.Finally,Gorz argues that the division of labor formed by economic rationality and scientific rationality in the working class is the root cause of all the alienation of capitalist society.In chapter five,it reveals the purport of Gorz's ecological Marxist thought.Gorz's criticism of capitalist economic rationality,technical rationality and division of labor is to show the incompatibility between capitalist mode of production and ecological environment.The best system choice for environmental protection is a more advanced socialist system.The Soviet model of economic rationality is different from socialism.What Gorz's stands for is ecological socialism that is to rely on thesocialist mode of production and subordinate economic rationality to ecological rationality.Carrying on the ecological reconstruction to the capitalist industrial system and realizing the modernization of ecological socialism.In chapter six,it evaluates the Gorz's ecological Marxist thought.Ecological Marxist thought has its theoretical values as well as its historical limitations.The theoretical value is mainly reflected in: it opens up a unique perspective of political eco-criticism and has been reconsidered the production consumption and modernity.And it further enriched and developed the theoretical system of ecological Marxism.The historical limitations are as follows: it overcorrects the ecological crisis and has the distinct technical determinism tendency.And the vision of the future society is utopian.In chapter seven,it analyzes the influence of Gorz's ecological Marxist thought on the ecological civilization construction of China.In promoting political development: it is conducive to give play to the advantages of the socialist system and develop the political thinking of ecological construction.In promoting ecological and economic development: it is benefit to promote the new normal economic transformation with ecological scale and build a new type of modernization guided by ecological niche.In promoting the construction of ecological culture,it is benefit to the construction of ecological discourse right of ideology and promote ecological progress.In conclusion,the conclusion formed after studying the Gorz's ecological Marxist thought: firstly,Gorz finds that through the analysis of the capitalist political economy from the perspective of the mode of production in capitalist society inevitably leads to the ecological crisis of capitalism.Secondly,the economic rationality guiding capitalism is the fundamental cause of the ecological crisis of capitalism and the ecological crisis is at the root of all the other crises of capitalism.Thirdly,in order to realize the harmony between man and nature,between man and man,we must replace economic rationality with ecological rationality and capitalism with ecological socialism.At last,although the Marxism thought of ecology of Gorz has its historical limitations,the theoretical value contains in his conception of ecological has important guiding significance to the construction of ecological civilization of China.