Research On The Disposal And Decision-making Technology Of Phenol Hazardous Chemicals Leakage Accident

In order to effectively respond to the phenol-related hazardous materials leakage accident,the following three problems should be solved.(1)conventional photocatalysts have low response to visible light,fast recombination of electrons and holes,leading to low degradation efficiency toward phenol and its derivatives.(2)In complex leakage scenarios,it is difficult to choose leakage disposal schemes and agents.(3)Few applicable methods and tools are used to evaluate the emergency preparedness process.Taking phenol and phenol derivatives as examples,the following three aspects are studied.(1)Application of photocatalytic oxidation technology based on graphene oxide-organic-inorganic nanocomposite for micro-pollutant removal in advanced treatment process.A novel nontoxic BiVO4-GO-TiO2-polyaniline(PANI)(BVGT-PANI)composite with superior photocatalysis was successfully prepared via a one-pot hydrothermal reaction.The structural and morphological characterizations of the synthesized compounds were analyzed by a series of techniques.We found excellent photocatalytic efficiencies for methylene blue(MB)and phenol degradation under visible light irradiation after adhering the PANI to the photocatalyst.The degradation rates of MB and phenol reach up to approximately 85%and 80%,respectively,after three hours of irradiation.For photodegradation MB,BVGTA exhibits the highest kapp rate constant.It is about 1.06×10-2 min-1,which is about 1.63 times faster than that of BVG and 2.94 times faster than that of BVGT.For photodegradation of phenol,BVGTA exhibits the highest kapp rate constant,It is about 8.86×10-3min-1,which is about 1.2-fold faster than BVG and 1.96-fold faster than BVGT.BVGTA combined with PANI greatly improved the capability of photocatalytic oxidation of pollutants under visible light.When the addition amount of PANI was 0.03g,the obtained sample showed the highest photocatalytic property.After five photocatalytic degradation cycles,the photocatalytic activity of BVGTA did not decrease significantly,and 0.07g BVGTA had the best degradation effect.Furthermore,vitro toxicity test against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated that the nanophotocatalysts have no toxicity.(2)Application of photocatalytic oxidation technology based on graphene oxide-inorganic nanocomposite for micro-pollutant removal in advanced treatment process.Nano needle-like Cu2O-GO-TiO2(Cu2OGT-A)and CuO-GO-TiO2(CuOGT-B)composites with superior photocatalytic properties were successfully synthesized via a self-assembly process at a low temperature.The structural and morphological characterizations of the synthesized compounds were analyzed using a series of analytical techniques.Different alkali sources have a great impact on the pore structure.When NaOH was used as the alkali source,the microporous Cu2O-GO-TiO2 was obtained.Similarly,when triethylamine(TEA)was used as a base source,the mesoporous CuO-GO-TiO2.can be obtained.The maximum specific surface area of the sample is about 228.72m2/g.The mesoporous CuOGT-B exhibited the strongest photocatalytic degradation performance.The photocatalyst showed excellent activity under visible light and was used for the photodegradation of safranine O(SO),reactive black B(RBB),and gallic acid(GA)as target anionic and cationic pollutants.The removal capacity of CuOGT-B is slightly higher than that of Cu2OGT-A,and the removal rates of SO,RBB,and GA reach up to 82.91%,81.61%,and 83.87%,respectively.Cu20GT-A and CuOGT-B were not selective in the degradation of anion,cation dye and phenol derivatives.The photocatalytic degradation processes of Cu2OGT-A and CuOGT-B all conform to the first-order kinetic equation.0.07g CuOGT-B had the best degradation effect.CuOGT-B had the best degradation effect on GA at 10-5mol/L concentration.The photocatalytic activity of CuOGT-B did not decrease significantly after five photocatalytic degradation cycles.(3)The evaluation framework based on dynamic fuzzy GRA group decision-making method has been developed to make forward optimum scheme for the selection of leakage treatment technology.This method gives consideration to cost and benefit,can help decision-makers quickly screen out the most appropriate leakage disposal scheme.Finally,the feasibility and practicability of this method is verified by the phenol leakage case.When phenol leakage occurs to the first spacetime,Plan 1 and 2 are optimal.When accident developments to the third scenario,the leakage of phenol has diffused from the land into the water body,Plan 13 is superior to the other plans.(4)To evaluate an implementation process for emergency preparedness and to assess its effectiveness,a technical method based on process mining is utilized for the first time in hazardous chemical accidents from the perspectives of workflow and organizational structure.The proposed method investigates:(1)how the emergency-response tasks of a target emergency plan are effectively executed;and(2)how the emergency-response actors coordinate and cooperate with each other.For this purpose,a fuzzy mining algorithm was applied to reconstruct the drill process for analyzing workflow.Social network mining techniques,namely density,reciprocity,node degree,centrality,and handover of work metrics,were utilized to explore the organizational structure among the actors.By means of emergency-response drills,the pre-defined emergency plan for phenol release was analyzed,for which mining results were obtained.Regarding the workflow,three deviations were detected from the phenol spill emergency plan,which suggest ways of improving the plan rules.The method developed here provides emergency managers and planners with a quantitative approach to achieve a better understanding of their current situations.Importantly,it allows managers and planners to optimize emergency preparedness.This should be of great interest to other emergency-plan researchers and practitioners in the field of process mining.Emergency management can make use of our analysis to identify the process deviation,and to reshape future plans and policy to rapidly improve the professional emergency preparedness capability required for emergency rescue.This paper focuses on the two main lines of hazardous chemicals leakage disposal and decision-making to improve the emergency disposal and preparedness for hazardous chemicals leakage.This study focused on interdisciplinary integration and established a fairly complete system to guarantee the capability of chemical enterprises to respond to sudden chemical leak accidents.