| The coal resources are rich in coal region of the North villages,and the conflict of land use caused by the exploitation and utilization of coal resources is becoming more and more obviously Coal mining activities,agricultural production and human settlements are overlapped in the Changhe River Basin of Jincheng City,Shanxi province.The development and utilization of coal resources not only promote the rapid development of the local economy,but also impact dramatically on the ecological environment in the region.The coordinate of development the coal resources and the utilization of land resources has become an urgent problem must to be solved.We select the Changhe River Basin of Jincheng city of Shanxi Province as the study region,through field investigated,visited,tested on so on to obtain the related data.On the basis of the investigation of the factors of land renovation,in this thesis,it consisted of the ecological risk assessment of the land in the mining area,expression and analysis of factors related to land regulating,extraction and analysis of basic farmland characteristics,analysis on the village relocation,optimal layout of basic farmland,and the analysis on the pattern of cultivated land rearrangement(1)The subsidence of coal mining was predicted in Changhe River Basin by probability integral method The maximum value of subsidence in the first stage is 4750mm.The damage mainly will occurre in Chengzhuang,Duandu,Xiwangzhuang,Shanglu,Xialu,Yuanzhuang,Dongyan,about 801.18hm2.The maximum value of subsidence in the second stage is 11724.8mm.The damage mainly will occur in Chengzhuang,Duandu,Xiwangzhuang,Shanglu,Xialu,Yuanzhuang,Dongyan,Shicun,Liucun,about 1583.51hm2.After 2040,the maximum subsidence was 11724.8mm.The damage mainly will occurre in Chengzhuang,Duandu,Xiwangzhuang,Shanglu,Xialu,Yuanzhuang,Dongyan,Shicun,Liucun,Nanping,Yunan,about 1949.59hm2.The region of the highest ecological risk affected by coal mining in the Changhe river basin is distributed along the Changhe river,and the northwest is mainly affected by the subsidence.The disturbance degree of land use landscape in the northwest mining area is large.Meanwhile the landscape fragmentation is obviously greater than that in the southeast.(2)The ChangHe River Basin in Jincheng city of Shanxi province is a typical coal-grain complex area.Land use is not only affected by the development and utilization of coal resources,but also constrained by its natural conditions.The space-time matching of soil and water resources is the basic condition of ensuring agricultural production.The characteristics of the spatial distribution of cultivated land,the quality of soil nutrient and the spatial distribution of the terrain are analyzed.The K-Means cluster is used to divide the Changhe River Basin into three types:high,medium and low soil subareas,six space units.On the whole one region distribute in the mountainous area of Northwest;two regions distributes in the central plain and two region distribute in southeast mountain.The other small regional distribution in the northwest,southeast.The principal component analysis is used to comprehensive evaluation the soil nutrient quality.The comprehensive score between-1.6-2.4.The soil nutrient quality is the worst in Northwest mountainous area and along the river on both sides of the soil quality is better.Soil nutrient quality in the mining area was significantly lower than in the region of Agriculture.Based on the spatial autocorrelation analysis of the terrain of the Changhe River Basin in Jincheng,we divide the terrain of the Changhe river basin into four type:high-high,low-low,high-low and low-high.The high-high regions are distributed in Chengzhuang,FanZhuang,WangHushan,CheGuozhuang,the western region of the YuanZhuang,HeiQuangou,DongWangzhuang and LiuHecun.Low-low region distributed by along from northeast to southwest,scattered in MaPingtou,XiaLu,DongYan and so on.The spatial distribution of water and soil resources in the Changhe River Basin is not balanced,and the shortage of water resources is prominent in the arable area.The maximum value of soil and water matching coefficient is 0.51.The minimum value is 0.12 and the average value is 0.20.The coefficient is far lower than the national average level 1.441.Therefore the coordinated utilization of water and land resources is the most important factor in the area.(3)The aim of this paper is to propose a spatial grid-based fuzzy texture index extraction method used to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics,retrieval concentrated contiguous information of basic farmland quickly and accurately.The lossless grid computing program for attribute information of basic farmland was developed based on SuperMap Objects platform.Four different spatial grid of 100×100m,200×200m,400×400m,800×800m were designed and their spatial autocorrelation were analyzed.Based on spatial filtering algorithm,spatial density distribution characteristics of the basic farmland of Zezhou country in Shanxi province were analyzed,and a fuzzy texture index algorithm was also developed based on the classification and gradation of agricultural land of Zezhou county.Results show that:1)Grid-based basic farmland can form continuous spatial density surface.This method enriches the spatial data presentation of the basic farmland and is beneficial to analyze spatial data;2)the concentrated contiguous index based on fuzzy texture index extraction method can be used for quantitative expression of spatial data.Concentrated regions of basic farmland can be extracted quickly using fuzzy texture index extraction method combined with the spatial density distribution characteristics.This paper has established a novel method for spatial distribution information extraction of basic farmland,which supports a theoretical reference for further protection,layout optimization of basic farmland.(4)The relocation of coal-bearing villages is one of tough problems to address.Due to the increasingly serious conflicts between the coal mining and residents,rational use of land has become key issue of the government and mining companies.This research carries out a case study on Changhe Basin of Jincheng City,Shanxi Province,which analyses the distribution characteristics of the damage to the residential areas and identifies the major driving factors that affect the layouts of residential areas in the basin,adopting logistic regression analysis.Standard Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)was used to analyze and design the particle data structure,the update mechanism about the speed and location,the function construction of suitability degree.The models of the relocation of rural residential areas were constructed in mining regions.The results of this study suggest that 1)Priority should be given to five main driving factors such as slope,elevation,density of the population,distance from its township,and distance from the nearby river when the layouts of the residential areas in the basin are concerned;2)PSO couples well with spatial data grid,which are intelligent enough to consider the driving factors such as suitability degree of residential areas,distance of relocation,and Spatial Agglomeration Degree;3)the location of the new residential areas in Changhe basin could fall into three categories:to build new residential areas around the townships,to build them nearby the mining areas and to form one center land-use pattern.The three new sites for settlement distribute separately in the south of Donggou Village and north of Qigan Village,the southeast of Duandu Village and Chengzhuang Village,and the south of Xinbi Village.Coal-bearing village can be concentrated arround the village with better basic infrastructure when considering a new site for settlement to help relieve the conflicts between the Coal mining and residents.The results of the study can give advice and throw new light on relocation of those coal mining villages and subsiding residential areas and optimization of the layout of new residential areas.(5)The optimal layout model was established about basic farmland based on BPSO,The optimal layout of the basic farmland in the Changhe River Basin is based on the clustering mode,the balanced mode,the soil quality model and the coal mining disturbance minimum mode.According to the convergence curve of optimum layout of basic farmland,the high convergence speed is high and the modal can quickly get the result of global optimal.Meanwhile the factors affecting on the optimal layout of basic farmland can be considered.The results of the highest concentration mode,the balance mode and the best soil quality mode have little difference.And the region of significant difference is in the southeast mountain area in the Changhe River Basin.The results are mainly extended to the northwest and southeastern mountainous region of coal mining disturbance mode.(6)Cultivated land in River Basin is divided into priority remediation regions,general remediation regions and restricted remediation regions.Priority regions are mainly distributed in the mountainous of the northwest and southeast in the Changhe River Basin.The characteristic of Priority regions is large undulation of topography,poor soil nutrients and low convenience for farming.Therefore,it should be priority to the renovation.The general remediation regions are distributed in both sides of the Changhe valley.The undulation is small,the soil nutrient is high and the farming convenience is high.The distribution of cultivated land in this area is more concentrated,causing a poor matching degree of water and soil resources.In general regulation region should give priority to the optimization of infrastructure to improve the matching of soil and water resources.The restricted remediation regions are concentrated in the east of the Changhe River overlapping with the mining area.The topography is smaller,and the soil nutrient quality is high,and the farming is more convenient.But the influence is more obvious by the coal mining in restricted remediation regions.At the same time,the coal mining will still go through a long period.It is necessary to give priority to the pattern of repairing and land smoothing.The main restrictive factors are:terrain undulation,soil nutrient quality,soil and water resources matching,cultivation convenience and coal mining disturbance in the Changhe River Basin.The five factors were divided into strong,medium,weak,and combination of elements.The basin is divided into four modes of regulation:terracing and earth steps,irrigation and water conservancy,road network optimization,land remediation of mining damaged.We put forward the corresponding land remediation mode for different models. |
PDF Full Text Request