| Since the Industrial Revolution,the global resource and environment problems have been acute.The ecological crisis,resource crisis,energy crisis,scientific and technological crisis and ethical crisis have triggered people's reflection on the relationship between human and nature,and the relationship among humans.The concept of sustainable development has emerged as the times require.In the process of practicing sustainable development,China has put forward the construction of ecological civilization,which is not only the response to the growing contradictions among economic,social development and resource and environment crisis since China's industrialization,is also a reflection on the ecological crisis threatening the survival and development of mankind since the global industrial civilization,which has both particularity and generality.The optimization of human-land system is the key to solve the contradiction between the economic and social development of "human" and the resources and environment of "land",and through the link of "culture" there is a significant synergistic relationship with the construction of ecological civilization.Based on the synergy between the construction of ecological civilization and the optimization of human-land system,this paper theoretically analyses the synergy relationship,synergy process,influencing factors and non-synergistic factors between the construction of ecological civilization and the optimization of human-land system,and empirically evaluates the construction level of ecological civilization and the optimization status of human-land system in 30 provinces of China by using projection pursuit model(PPM)and DEA model,respectively.The synergy development degree of the two systems is evaluated by using the synergy degree model of the composite system.Finally,according to the analysis of their collaborative development,the specific collaborative path of the two is built.In terms of theoretical significance,it enriches the cognitive and optimization path of human-land system theory in geography.In terms of practical significance,it reconstructs the five industrial systems of ecological civilization from the perspective of the "three-dimensional" structure of human-land system,clarifies the responsibilities of "human" and the demands of "land" in human-land system.In the sense of discipline,the optimization of human-land system,the core of geographical research,provides for the construction of ecological civilization.The basic path reflects the value of humanities-economic geography in serving the national strategic needs.The main contents of this paper are as follows:(1)Analysis of the synergistic mechanism between the construction of ecological civilization and the optimization of human-land system.The synergistic mechanism of the two is analyzed from four aspects: synergistic evolution,spatial synergy,influencing factors and non-synergistic factors.In the process of adapting,utilizing and transforming nature,tools,organization and system forms and the view of nature,which constitute the basic elements of civilization.In terms of time sequence,the process of human-land interaction in four stages of fishing and hunting,agricultural civilization,industrial civilization and ecological civilization is the process of continuous accumulation and sublimation of civilization achievements,and also the process of ecological culture from recessive to dominant.Spatially,the spatial differences of the earth's surface lay the foundation of resources and environment for the construction of ecological civilization and the optimization of human-land system.Different ecological cultures are bred in the process of human-land interaction in different regions,which lays a cultural foundation for the construction of regional ecological civilization.From the perspective of influencing factors,natural geographical environment,human demand structure,cultural value orientation and human production activities,are the key factors.The imbalance of human's "three outlooks",the distribution of economic development interests,the absence of ecological civilization system and the contradiction of human root become main obstacles to the synergy.(2)Recognition of the "three-dimensional" structure of human-land system from the perspective of ecological civilization.According to the synergetic relationship and process of the construction of ecological civilization and the optimization of human-land system,the dual structure of human-land system is extended,and the social and cultural subsystem becomes the third subsystem independent of "human" and "land".The contents of the "three-element" structure and the relationship between them are analyzed,including economic ecology and ecological economy,economic culture and cultural economy,ecological culture and cultural ecology.The three groups of relationships provide a way to optimize the human-land system.The essence of optimization of human-land system is analyzed from the angle of input and output.The essence of optimization of human-land system is to obtain greater economic and social welfare with less resource and energy consumption,which is a dynamic development process.(3)The evolution of human-land system in different periods of China and the analysis of its characteristics under the ecological civilization construction.This paper reviews the evolution of the characteristics of human-land system in different periods of China.The history of Chinese civilization,like the process of world civilization,is also a history of human-land relationship.It has both generality and particularity.It is different from the characteristics of its own unique national conditions of "population-resource environment",the global resource-environment basis in the industrialization period of developed countries,and the time and interior of ecological civilization in developed countries.The construction of ecological civilization with characteristics is discussed from three aspects: different forms and capacities.Under the construction of ecological civilization with characteristics,the characteristics of human-land system include the cumulative prominent problems of ecological environment,the high proportion of traditional resource-based industries,the lagging of national ecological view and development view,the insufficient restriction of top-level design of ecological civilization construction,the dislocation of productivity layout and resource-environment layout.(4)An analysis of the coordinated development degree of China's ecological civilization construction and human-land system optimization.It is divided into two parts: one is the analysis of the degree of synergistic development;the other is the analysis of the characteristics of human-land system in different regions with different types of ecological civilization construction.In the first part,on the basis of the analysis of the synergistic mechanism of the ecological civilization construction and the optimization of human-land system,and on the basis of the "three-element" structure of human-land system,the evaluation index system of the ecological civilization construction in China's provinces is constructed from the aspects of economic,social and ecological environment,and the evaluation results are calculated by projection pursuit method.From the input-output point of view,the evaluation index system of the optimal state of human-land system is constructed,and the DEA model is used to calculate the efficiency value.The spatial and temporal patterns of the two systems are analyzed respectively,and then the synergy degree model of the composite system is used to analyze the synergy development degree of the two systems.The second part is based on the evaluation results of the level of China's ecological civilization construction in 2016 and three secondary indicators,and combined with the main functional zoning,it is divided into seven types of regions,respectively analyze the characteristics of the human-land system and summarize the general laws of China's ecological civilization construction.(5)Research on the coordinated path of China's ecological civilization construction and human-land system optimization.From the construction of the overall framework of collaboration,to the implementation of the specific path of collaboration,the path of collaboration of China's ecological civilization construction and human-land system optimization is constructed.The overall framework of the coordination between the two is guided by the concept of ecological culture,bound by the supply capacity of "land",driven by the demand power of "human",guaranteed by the system of ecological civilization,comprehensively considering the stage of regional development and functional orientation,aiming at the coordination of ecological,production and living space,and driven by the joint efforts of the government,enterprises and the public.The path is to built the five industrial systems of ecological civilization.The main points and conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)The construction of ecological civilization and the optimization of human-land system are the relationship between superstructure and basic path.Ecological civilization is the superstructure of human-land system optimization,and human-land system optimization is the basic path of ecological civilization construction.The process of continuous optimization of human-land system provides continuous productivity for culture.When it develops to a certain stage,it forms ecological culture.The concept of ecological culture acts on the optimization of human-land system,and ultimately realizes the coordinated development of the ecological civilization construction and the optimization of human-land system.The construction of ecological civilization and the optimization of human-land system are like two DNA strands,which interact with each other under the hydrogen bond of ?culture ?and then spiral up.(2)Human-land system is a "three-dimensional" structure formed by the interaction of three subsystems: economy(industry),social culture and ecological environment.The traditional human-land system includes two subsystems: human and land.Culture is produced in the interaction between human and land.The accumulation and sublimation of cultural achievements will lead to civilization,from agricultural civilization,industrial civilization to ecological civilization.This process is ecological culture evolute from simple to complex,from recessive to explicit,from simple to dialectical.Once culture is formed,it will become indispensable to be a third subsystem independent of "human" and "land".(3)Under the "three-dimensional" structure of the human-land system,the industrial system of ecological civilization should be extended forward and backward on the basis of the three industries.The zero industry(ecological culture industry)should be added forward.The tradional industries under the guidance of the concept of ecological culture will also be intensive and efficient.The fourth industry(ecological restoration industry)should be added backwards to play the role of decomposer in the ecosystem and change linear development to circular development.In this process,the utilization rate of resources and energy is increased,the economic and social welfare under unit input is increased,and the waste discharge is reduced to the minimum,that is,the human-land system is constantly optimized.(4)The evaluation value of the ecological civilization construction and the efficiency value of human-land system optimization are spatially coupled.That is to say,the area with high level of ecological civilization construction has high output per unit of resources and energy input,in coordination with the optimization of human-land system,while the area with low level of ecological civilization construction tends to have low efficiency value.Generally speaking,the coordination degree of ecological civilization construction and human-land system optimization in the eastern region is the highest,Peking,Shanghai and Guangdong three areas are highly coordinated,the western region is the lowest,and the central and northeastern regions are moderately coordinated.(5)The level of ecological civilization construction in 31 provinces of China in 2016 can be divided into seven types: they are balanced development,eco-social development,eco-environmental lag,relative balance,eco-environmental advantage,eco-social lag and eco-environmental lag.The characteristics of human-land relationship among the seven types of regions show differences,while there is relative consistency within the region.The innovation of the study is to enrich the "three-dimensional" cognitive structure of the human-land system from the perspective of ecological civilization,through the analysis of the synergistic mechanism between the construction of ecological civilization and the optimization of the human-land system,and the "three-dimensional" cognitive structure provides theoretical support for the reconstruction of the industrial system of ecological civilization.Based on the evaluation of the construction level of ecological civilization in China,the classification of types and the analysis of the characteristics of different types of human-land systems are conducive to the key construction of ecological civilization from the perspective of regional division.Prospects for future research,the theoretical content of human-land system needs to be deepened and enriched,and the conjunction point with the construction of ecological civilization needs to be further excavated.Constructing the industrial system of ecological culture combined with regional culture,and drawing philosophical wisdom from Chinese traditional culture to guide the construction of ecological civilization and the optimization of human-land system will be the key areas of future research. |
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