Research On Ecological Protection Effect Of Fiscal Expenditure Policy

Over the past 40 years of Reform and Opening-up,China’s economic development has achieved remarkable achievements and created one miracle in the history of the world economy.However,with the rapid economic growth,the ecological environment has also deteriorated drastically.The high-energy-consuming industries are accompanied by severe resource constraints.High-pollution enterprises,along with the degradation of the ecosystem,pose a serious threat to the well-being of the people and the future of the nation.In 2012,the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization,and included it in the comprehensive layout of the "five-in-one",put forward the concept of ecological civilization that is harmonious and friendly to nature,and will build beautiful China as the goal of struggle.In 2015,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Ecological Civilization",which runs through the green development concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets";then introduced the "Overall Plan for the Reform of Ecological Civilization System" and proposed the ecology.Civilization pioneered the construction of demonstration zones;and included “green development” in the five major development concepts at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee,and proposed the establishment of a unified and standardized national ecological civilization pilot zone,and identified Fujian,Jiangxi and Guizhou as the first batch.The pilot provinces gradually carried out comprehensive experiments on the reform of the ecological civilization system and provided sample demonstrations for their system construction.In 2016,China’s “13th Five-Year Plan” outlines green development and ecological civilization construction as the key contents of the planning period.In 2017,the party’s 19 th National Congress report pointed out that China has made significant contributions to the construction of global ecological civilization.However,ecological civilization construction still has a long way to go.It is necessary to adhere to the harmonious coexistence between man and nature and implement the most stringent ecological environmental protection system.General Secretary Xi Jinping reports at the conference.He proposed the great concept of "building a beautiful China." In May 2018,the National Ecological Environmental Protection Conference was held to propose a new situation and a new task for the construction of ecological civilization.It is necessary to strengthen ecological protection and fight the battle against pollution.It can be seen thatthe policy changes at different stages of development since the reform and opening up reflect the Chinese government’s emphasis on ecological protection,and the concept of ecological protection is constantly improving and sublimating.Ecological protection is the fundamental plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.It is the foundation of the rise and fall of civilization and the inevitable choice for historical development.As the main body of state governance,the Chinese government is one of the important sources of ecological protection.The role of fiscal policy in the field of ecological protection cannot be ignored.The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Some Major Issues" adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee in 2013 clearly stated that finance is the foundation and important pillar of state governance.The content of improving the budget management system and establishing the relationship between the responsibility and expenditure responsibility is closely related to the implementation of the ecological protection policy.In 2017,the party’s 19 th National Congress report proposed to speed up the establishment of a modern fiscal system,and proposed important contents such as improving the relationship between the central and local governments,establishing a modern budget system,and fully implementing performance management.Combining with the new task of strengthening ecological protection and tackling the problem of pollution prevention and control at the present stage,how to understand the role of fiscal policy,especially fiscal expenditure policy,in the field of ecological protection,and the extent of its policy effect,whether it has effectively promoted ecological protection,whether it promoted The construction of ecological civilization has taken a new step.These questions need to be solved urgently.Based on the above background,this paper attempts to explore the ecological protection effect of China’s fiscal expenditure policy,and tries to analyze the effect of fiscal expenditure policy at different stages of development since the reform and opening up,in order to strengthen ecological protection and vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization.Provide useful research results and policy recommendations for reference.This paper takes the ecological protection effect of fiscal expenditure policy as the research object,and analyzes the specific content of China’s fiscal expenditure policy in solving environmental pollution problems based on the current new tasks and tasks of strengthening ecological protection and vigorously promoting the construction ofecological civilization.From a perspective,using a variety of theoretical and practical methods to try to find out the actual extent of its ecological protection effect,the specific research content is as follows.Firstly,based on the results of literature search,this paper reviews the relevant research literature on the ecological protection effect of fiscal expenditure policy from the perspectives of pollution control,fiscal decentralization,regional competition and so on.Using literature research methods,descriptive statistical analysis methods,comparative analysis methods and empirical analysis methods to carry out research.This paper introduces the basic concepts of this paper,explains the connotation of fiscal expenditure policy and the realistic needs of ecological protection,and points out the realistic conditions of the research object of this paper.This paper introduces the main theoretical sources,including sustainable development theory,externality theory,public goods theory,fiscal decentralization theory,regional competition theory and so on.This paper analyses the mechanism of the ecological protection effect of fiscal expenditure policy,the relationship between fiscal expenditure policy and its internal factors and ecological protection,and how the policy effect plays its role.Secondly,the current situation of fiscal expenditure policy implementation in the field of ecological protection is analyzed.Based on the practice and basic data of various stages of development since the reform and opening-up,this paper introduces the actual situation of strengthening ecological protection and vigorously promoting the construction of ecological civilization.Among them,water pollution control effect is remarkable,air pollution control ability is remarkably strengthened,solid waste control effect is gradually shown,land spatial layout is obviously optimized,and industrial structure is becoming more and more reasonable.During the construction of Ming Dynasty,the central government strengthened the top-level design,further improved the system,and gradually enriched the evaluation content of ecological civilization construction objectives.The basic contents of fiscal expenditure policy in the field of ecological protection are summarized in detail.Among them,the overall scale of national fiscal expenditure is rising,the scale of environmental protection expenditure in the field of ecological protection has been slightly increased,the scale of scientific and technological expenditure has been gradually expanded,and the scale of educational expenditure has increased significantly.The possible problems of fiscal expenditure policy in the field of ecological protection were pointed out.Then,in view of the pollution control,fiscal decentralization,regional competition perspective,using relevant basic data(ecological protection level,all kinds of fiscal expenditure and other related economic and social factors such as the municipal level panel data),respectively,using multiple regression model,double difference model,spatial dynamic panel model analysis of the ecological protection effect of fiscal expenditure policy degree of actual size.The Multivariate Regression Model empirical analysis shows that the ecological protection effect of fiscal expenditure policy exists and is significant.The regression analysis of the fiscal expenditure policy on the three types of polluting subjects shows the significant effect of fiscal expenditure policy.It shows that the overall impact of China’s current fiscal expenditure policy is positive and can significantly inhibit pollution control.The DID Model empirical analysis shows that the fiscal expenditure policy can effectively reduce the pollution emission level,and its reduction rate reaches 9.4%,indicating that the fiscal expenditure policy implemented at this stage is effective,and the effect is significantly increased compared with the previous period.Factors such as the level of fiscal expenditure,the level of economic development,and the optimization of industrial structure have also played a role as boosters.The results of dynamic sustainability analysis showed that the emission reduction rate was 10.3% in the first year after reform,8.7% in the second year after reform,6.5% in the third year after reform,and 11.7% in the fourth year after reform..The more policy effects that can be obtained in regions with higher fiscal decentralization,the more obvious local governments have more fiscal resources to strengthen ecological protection,and it is necessary to give them more fiscal autonomy.The Spatial Dynamic Panel Model empirical analysis shows that the fiscal expenditure policy has significant spatial spillover effects in the field of ecological protection.The spatial effect of the same period is more prominent in the higher quantile,but the overall spatial spillover effect is not strong enough;the time lag coefficient confirms that the rise of local government fiscal expenditure is cumulative in time;intertemporal space The effect is significantly negative,indicating that local governments are subject to significant budget constraints.The overall effect of regional economic development on reducing pollution emission levels is positive.The improvement of fiscal expenditure decentralization does not necessarily lead to the improvement of ecological environment.The effect of regional competition has two sides.Finally,put forward the corresponding policy recommendations.Policy recommendations.Combining the theoretical basis of the previous article,the analysis of the status quo,the results of empirical analysis under the three perspectives of pollutioncontrol,fiscal decentralization and regional competition,according to the actual effect of the current fiscal expenditure policy in the field of ecological protection and its existing problems policy suggestion.Specifically,it includes: establishing a system that matches the responsibility of the ecological protection field and expenditure responsibility,establishing and improving a new mechanism for fiscal expenditure in the field of ecological protection,constructing an inter-governmental ecological transfer payment system,strengthening the reform of the budget management system in the field of ecological protection,and strengthening the field of ecological protection.Performance evaluation of fiscal expenditure,and sound fiscal supervision mechanism in the field of ecological protection.The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: First,from the perspective of research.Based on the previous research results,relevant theoretical foundations,and China’s fiscal expenditure policy and the reality of ecological civilization construction,this paper selects the three mechanisms of pollution control,fiscal decentralization and regional competition based on the mechanism of fiscal expenditure policy to promote ecological civilization construction.An empirical analysis of the policy effects of fiscal expenditure policies in the field of ecological protection.In the specific content,time and space of pollution prevention and control,comparative analysis is also carried out,and attempts to obtain more accurate and comprehensive fiscal policy ecological effect conclusions from multiple perspective analysis.The choice of multiple research perspectives can more clearly judge the extent and extent of the effect of fiscal expenditure policy on ecological protection,which is more innovative than previous research.Second,in terms of research methods.In this paper,multiple regression analysis method,double difference model and spatial dynamic panel model are used respectively to try to obtain the actual effect of ecological protection effect under different conditions,and provide a reliable solution to solve many practical problems existing at this stage.The innovation of the empirical analysis method from the perspective of pollution control is mainly reflected in distinguishing the sources of different pollutants,effectively obtaining better and clear policy effect results,providing accurate fiscal support policies for pollution prevention and control;empirical analysis from the perspective of fiscal decentralization The method is mainly based on the double difference model,and further adopts the N+1 year policy effect analysis tool after reform,which provides favorable support for the comparative analysis of policy effects.The empirical analysis method from the perspective of regional competition is mainlyDrawing on the newer spatial measurement model analysis tool-quantitative regression,the impact of intertemporal budget constraints is further considered,and the spatial dynamic panel model of time transition and spatial spillover is used to solve the heterogeneity in spatial analysis.The problem is a more comprehensive reflection of the actual situation of the ecological protection effect of fiscal expenditure policies.Third,on the research contents.This paper finds that in the literature research on the ecological protection effect of fiscal expenditure policy,most of the data related to empirical analysis are concentrated at the provincial level,and some of the research involves the municipal level(but subject to factors such as insufficient information disclosure,municipal level There is a big loss in the data).In the research process,this paper uses government information disclosure and subject field research to collect and improve the basic data of China’s municipal level(including various pollutant prevention and control situations,ecological protection level,fiscal expenditure data,and other socio-economic data).It has formed a relatively complete and coherent database,providing multi-level data support for the analysis of the ecological protection effect of fiscal expenditure policy,and the data update work has been effective.