Modeling,simulation Analysis,and Integration Of Moving Bed Oil Shale Refinery Process

China is rich of oil shale as one of alternative fossil energy resources.The oil shale reserves is about 47.6×10⁹ tons oil-equivalent,which is twice China's crude oil reserves.The exploitation and utilization of oil shale are strategically important in alleviating the shortage of oil and gas resources in China.Chinese oil shale mining is mainly concerned with surface mining of shallow shale seams stored 100-400 below the ground.Now,the oil shale processing has been commercialized.Oil shale refinery is mainly based on Fushun type technology.However,low utilization rate of raw material,low oil yield,and high content of heavy components in the oil are the main problems.Two sets of moving bed are developed by the Institute of Process Engineering of Chinese Academy of Sciences to de-bottleneck Fushun type technology.These two new technologies have shown good potential in their pilot operation.The pyrolysis kinetic model of oil shale is first established in this paper.Then thermal balance calculation of the two sets of moving bed is carried out to determine the heat required for oil shale pyrolysis in the indirectly heated moving bed and the solid heat carrier moving bed.In addition,two new oil shale refinery processes are built based on these two technologies.These two new processes are modeled and simulated.On the basis of simulation,the economic performance is analyzed and compared with the traditional Fushun refinery process.It is found that the economic competitive crude oil prices of the indirectly heated moving bed type oil shale refinery?IHOSR?process and the solid heat carrier moving bed type oil shale refinery?SHCOSR?process are 51$/bbl and 53$/bbl,while that of the Fushun type oil shale refinery process is 58$/bbl.In 2017 year,the crude oil price fluctuates at around 50$/bbl,thus these two new processes show better economic competitiveness.The IHOSR and SHCOSR processes are integrated to solve the problem of poor quality of shale oil produced by oil shale pyrolysis in this paper.Thus,the integrated processes of coal assisted oil shale to liquid fuels?CaSTL?and chemical looping enhanced oil shale to liquid fuels?CLeSTL?are proposed respectively for the IHOSR and SHCOSR processes.Process parameters analysis and simulation calculation of the two integrated processes are first presented respectively.On the basis of simulation,economic performance evaluation of these two integrated processes is analyzed.It is found that the cost is the lowest and the revenue is the largest for the light component hydrogenation system of the CaSTL and CLeSTL.Especially in the low crude oil price of 50$/bbl,the return on investments of these two integrated processes reach 7%and 5%,which shows strong economic competitiveness.The life cycle environmental impact and cost assessment models are established in this paper.From life cycle environmental aspect,the Fushun oil shale to liquid fuels?FsSTL?and coal to liquid fuels?CTL?suffer from high air pollutant emissions,especially CO₂ and PM2.5,while that of the CaSTL and CLeSTL is lower.In particular,the air pollutant emissions of the CLeSTL is equivalent to that of the petroleum refinery.From the perspective of internal cost,the costs of the FsSTL and CTL are close.The breakeven oil prices of the FsSTL and CTL is70$/bbl,while that of the CaSTL and CLeSTL are respectively 58$/bbl and 55$/bbl.From life cycle cost aspect,the increase of life cycle costs of the FsSTL,CaSTL and CLeSTL is smaller compared to internal cost,while that of the CTL is larger,close to 100$/bbl.