Mode Analysis Of River Basin Governance In China:Integration Of Beautiful Village Construction And Pollution Source Mitigation

Over the past 30 years,as agricultural industries in rural areas scale up,China has witnessed an increasing demand for crops and livestock productions.The growing market demand and the discharging of domestic pollutant in rural areas have led to increasing severity of water pollution in rural areas.Currently,the drawbacks in water shed management require further improvements.In such context,it is a pressing task to explore a better mode to tackle pollution in the river basins based on China's situation,which is both instrumental and critical.The "Beautiful Village" Construction Project,proposed by the Communist Party in 2012,not only provided guidelines for rural construction,but also pushed forward the improvements of natural environment in rural areas.As the "Beautiful Village"project advances from point to surface among regions,there have been certain progress in addressing the pollution source and non-point source pollution.Yet,more emphasis should be attached to the integration studies on building beautiful villages and abating water pollution.Aiming at exploring a more sound mode for watershed management,integrating studies on building "Beautiful Village" and tackling the pollution source,this paper explores the positive effects of the "Beautiful Village" Construction Project from late 2012 to early 2016 in terms of improving water quality and in particular,reducing the agricultural non-point source pollution through the case study of Taoxi river basin in Yongchun County,Fujian Province,China.The study suggests that "Beautiful Village" project has played positive roles concerning the following aspects:higher efficiency in deal with agricultural non-point source pollution and sewage around Taoxi river basin,contribution to a long-term mechanism in river basin governance,perfecting relative systems by implementing systems,as well as enabling the farmers to play their principle role in river basin governance.Based on the case study,this paper discusses a new mode with Chinese characteristics,which integrates both the content of "Beautiful Village" construction and the pollution source regulation.The mode is listed as the following five parts.First,in regard to the supervising and management mechanism,the "Beautiful Village" construction helps to improve the control mechanism of river basin pollution source.The River Chief System has been gradually establishing an accountability mechanism for environmental problems in river basins.Meanwhile,different from traditional watershed management,the "Beautiful Village" construction puts more emphasis on the assessment system for the economic and social development in surrounding communities.It can better guide and facilitate relevant departments to improve water quality in a comprehensive manner.Second,to exercise the rural complex mode.The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy has led and improved the rural construction in practice and theory.The rural complex mode combines urban elements and rural areas,allowing enterprises to participate in all aspects of rural construction,creating a social atmosphere for the common development of urban and rural areas in commercial models.The purpose of rural complex mode is to provide substantial promotion and protection to industrial changes in rural areas,as well as to bring more opportunities to the governance of pollution sources in rural areas.Third,to reduce poverty through industrial development.The "Beautiful Village"construction attaches great importance to guiding the farmers to transfer into other industries and guiding the public to participate in bringing pollution of the river basin under control.By putting rural residents,well-being as a priority,the "Beautiful Village" construction enhances the quality of life via ecological economic benefits and improves the environmental condition around.Ultimately,it aims at realizing a harmonious relation between human and nature.Fourth,let technology to lead modern agriculture.The "Beautiful Village"construction values strategic new industries.It advocates the enhancement of Science and technology innovation ability and application ability in the people's livelihood surrounding the river basin.The application of scientific and technological innovation results should be closely related to people's livelihood,such as public health and social management.The purpose is to further improve the production and living environment for the villagers around the river basin,to enhance the quality of agricultural industry development,and at the same time to enable scientific and technological achievements to benefit people's livelihood.Last but not least,there needs to be a broader financing mode for social capitals.The "Beautiful Village" construction has a better system and edge in integrating funds from society comparing with traditional watershed management.It emphasizes guiding various types of social capital,technology,and human resources to carry out comprehensive treatment of polluted river basin regions.It can combine relatively single river basin management projects with modern agriculture,rural tourism,etc.By carrying out multiple watershed management methods,the "Beautiful Village"construction motivates the social capital to invest in watershed pollution control and promotes a win-win situation for both watershed management and economic benefits in rural areas.