Quantum Mechanics Of Open Systems:Dissipaton Theory

Open Quantum Systems Are Embedded in Environments and Subject to Dissipation.Quantum Dissipative Dynamics Has Been A Subject of Intensive Studies in Many Fields of Physics,Chemistry and Biology.Quantum Mechanics of Open Systems,Which Describes How the Microscopic System States Change with Time in the Presence of Inevitable Macro-Scopic Environments,Is Crucially Important in Treating Realistic Complex Systems.The Central Content of This Thesis Is to Systematically Develop the Dissipaton the-Ory of Open Quantum Systems.Dissipatons Are Quasi-Particles That Reflect the Collective Dissipative Effects of the Environments.Based on This Concept of Quasi-Particles,the Dis-Sipaton Theory Deals with the Entangled System-Environment Dynamics.It Includes Not Only the Algebra of Dissipaton Coordinates and Momentums,But Also the Quantum Me-Chanics in Dissipaton-Equation-of-Motion(Deom)Space That Spans Over the Primary System of Interest and the Solvation Degrees of Freedom in Environments.Moreover,the Dissipaton Theory Supplies Also A Viable Computational Framework for Observables of the System and Environmental Solvation Modes.to Clarify the Physical Picture of the Dissipatons,I Will Also Discuss the Annihilation and Creation of Dissipatons,and the Underlying Possible Implications of Dissipative Wave-Particle Duality.in This Thesis,I Present A Rigorous Development Covering Various Aspects of Dissipaton Theory.to Con-Firm the Exactness of This Dissipaton Algebra,I Also Revisit the Hierarchical Equations of Motion,Which Governs the Time-Evolution of Dynamical Variables in Dissipaton the-Ory,Via the Quantum Mechanics Canonical Construction.This Provides A Reliable Basis for the Complete Dissipaton Theory Developed in This Thesis.in Addition,I Also Present Two Deom-Based Application-Oriented Studies on the Electron-Transfer-Induced Heat Transfer and the Optical Response of Atom Fixed on the Einstein'S Rotating Disk.In Light of the Deom Theory,I Propose Further the Phase-Space Moments-Deom Approach.This Is A Dissipaton-Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Method.Its Imple-Mentations Range from Quasi-Classical Trajectories to Semi-Classical Gaussian Wavepack-Ets,and to Higher-Order Self-Consistent Dynamical Truncation Schemes.Work Along This Direction Is on the Way.It Is Anticipated That the System-Environment Entanglement Theorem Developed in This Thesis Will Provide An Important Test Criterion for the Applica-Bility of the Proposed Coarse-Grainning Schemes.