Research On Quantum Randomness Amplification And Secure Key Distribution

The network security of information has been the important part of national interests with the situation of global information,and the networking and globalizaiton of information have been one of the development trends in the informational society.Moreover,the network security technology of information becomes an important strategic resource to improve the development of economy and technology.Nowadays,constructing both the infrastructure and support system of country's information security is also an important issue to be solved imperatively in the developing process of science and technology.In the field of network security of information,the random number generators(RNGs)is one of the most essential key devices in the secure communications to guarantee the secure transmission on the network.In recent years,as a fundamental component in the information science domain,the RNG has received considerable attention.With the rapid development of relevant theoretical methods and experimental technologies,numerous practical RNGs based on the different physical phenomenons have been proposed and the performance have achieved significant improvements.Making fast and reliable RNGs and further more,distributing the random key safely one the network are the research hotspots in the field of information science.Unlike the generating methods of random numbers based on the classical theory with determinate nature,the quantum random number generators(QRNGs)based on the quantum principles of quantum mechanics could produce the trurely inherent physical random numbers and thus is the most important research direction in the field of RNGs.In the post-processing part,the quantum randomnees amplification technology could amplificating the randomness of S-V source based on the untrusted devices,which is impossible in the frame of classical computer science.On the other hand,the semiconductor lasers(SLs)based on the semiclassical theory tend to exhibit chaotic dynamical behaviors with high bandwidth,and thus is an ideal preparation platform for fast physical RNGs.Construting the chaotic network of SLs and realizing the secure key distribution on the network are the extremely important research subjects in the field of chaotic secure communications with SLs.Based on the above-mentioned research background,this work focuses on the reasearch of physical RNGs and concentrates on the quantum randomness amplification technology and secure key distribution on the nonlinear networks.The quantum randomness amplification technology is investigated.Firstly,the basic principles of device-independent quantum randomness amplification technology are thoroughly studied and mathematical relationship between the violation of Bell test and quantum randomness is deeply investigated.Secondly,the formation mechanisms of quantum min-entropy source are investigated with the probability theory method and the mathematical forms of universally composable security are proposed finally.Thirdly,two practical quanmtun randomnuess amplification protocols with untrusted devices are presented based on the cascaded design method using novel randomness extractors.Moreover,the universally composable security of proposed protocols are successfully proved.On the other hand,the secure key distribution on the network is also discussed.Firstly,the networking method of small-scale chaotic network with SLs is analyzed,and the isolated desynchronization and intertwined synchronization emerging in the presented small chaotic SLs network are theoretically analyzed.Secondly,the statistical text of chaotic output sequence is perfomed and the synchronous secure key distribution is achieved on the presented network.Moreover,large-scale network with nonlinear chaotic dynamics is builded and the master stablility function is introduced to analyze the chaotic dynamic behaviors of network.The incoherent-mediated remote synchronization with zero-lag is achieved with the mirror symmetry of topological structure.Finally,the random keys are remotely and safely distributed in the proposed network by the incoherent-mediated remote synchronization.The main innovative work and achievements are summarized as follows:Firstly,the fundamental physical principles of device-independent quantum randomness amplification based on the Bell test are analyzed and the mathematical relationship between the violation of Bell test and quantum randomness is established.Based on an explicit nonmalleable two independent-source randomness extractor and four-parties Bell inequality,a device-independent quantum randomness amplification protocol with four untrusted quantum devices is proposed,which could amplify the weak randomness of S-V in global domain.And the universally composable security of proposed protocols is successfully proved.Comparing with previous protocols,the number of requried quantum devices are particularly less,the statistical requirements of experimental output are especially low.In addition,the presented protocol has better anti-noise performance and there exist an explicit construction method for our randomness extractor.Secondly,based on the only two untrusted devices,a device-independent quantum randomness amplification protocol is proposed with two-Bell inequality based on the KochenSpecker game,which could also amplify the randomness of S-V in global domain.The estimation part of the violation of Bell test is devide into two steps,which discribes both the supremum and infimum of measurement output of quantum devices.And finally the universally composable security of proposed protocols is also successfully proved.It is worth mentioning that,the cascaded design method in the presented work may provide new insight and solution to practical quantum randomness amolification protocol.Thirdly,the networking method of small-scale chaotic network with SLs is deeply investigated and the realization method of synchronization in the ntwork is presented.The coupling matrix method is introduced to analyze the isolated desynchronization and intertwined synchronization.Moreover,the significant influence of symmetric topological structure on synchronous performance is revealed and finally the secure key distribution on the proposed network is realized.Fourthly,the theoretical model of remotely secure key distribution on large-scale nonlinear chaotic network is established.The master stablility function is introduced to quantify the chaotic dynamic behaviors and synchronous performance.Based on the mirrorsymmetric topological structure,the incoherent-mediated remote synchronization with zerolag is successful implemented.Finally,the remotely secure key distribution in the proposed network is achieved by the incoherent-mediated remote synchronization.