Research Of High-performance Semiconductor Single-photon Detectors

Quantum secure communication is an important part of quantum information.Based on the quantum non-cloning theorem and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle,quantum secure communication provides a way for unconditionally secure communication.In quantum communication system,h since the single-photons are used as the carriers of information and transmitted trough the communication channels,single-photon detectors(SPDs)are the essential components as the receiver.Because of the advantages including low cost,high reliability and easy integration,semiconductor single-photon detectors play a more significant role in quantum communication.So the research and design of highly integrated semiconductor single-photon detectors with high performance is very important.Single-photon avalanche diodes(SPADs)and quenching electronics are the most crucial parts of semiconductor SPDs.The SPAD directly decides the performances of a SPD system such as photon detection efficiency,dark count rate and afterpulse probability.Quenching electronics operate the SPAD and transmit the avalanche signals generated by SPAD to countable digital signals.In the thesis,the main works are the research on the performance of SPADs,the design of integration and miniaturization of InGaAs/InP SPD with high performance and the design of high-frequency Si SPD with high efficiency.A perfromanche test platform is designed for InGaAs/InP SPAD using photon calibration method and double-gate method to mearsure the parameters of efficiency and afterpulse,respectively.The SPADs are operated in low-frequency gating mode in the test while the avalanche signals are extracted by coincidence technique.The implement of LabVIEW instrument control procedures and FPGA realizes the automated test process and performance study of InGaAs/InP SPADs.Aming at the demand for high performance,small size and high frequency of SPDs in applications of practical quantum key distribution,we design a monolithically integrated readout circuit(MIRC)based on low temperature co-fired ceremics,suitable for the avalanche extraction of InGaAs/InP SPAD.Then we verify the functionality and reliability experimentally.Further,we design a miniaturized sine wave gating InGaAs/InP SPD by applying the MIRC and a SPAD device integrated mini-TEC and characterize the SPD.verif-ying the reliability.Aiming at the demands for high detection efficiency in multi-photon entanglement experiment,we imply the sine wave gating method on the Si SPAD,developing a high-frequecncy Si SPD with high efficiency.Compared with the existing commercial Si SPDs,the detection efficiencies increase by 6%in average using the same SPAD and imply a relative increase of 30%of the four-fold coincidence count rate.