| Nematus Panzer,1801 belongs to Nematinae,Tenthredinidae,Hymenoptera.The degree of differentiation among Nematus species is very complex,and it is difficult to identify them.And the Nematus in China has not been studied.Accordingly,to fill the gap,we collate and stipulate the species of Nematus systematically in China,and based on molecular markers,the phylogenetic relationships among genera of Nematinae are analyzed.The results of collated and stipulated of Nematus in China by comparing external morphological characteristics of adults,anatomizing external genitals and analyzing structures after taking pictures,as follows:(1)Sorting out world catalog of Nematus,190 species in total;the generic characters of Nematus are provided.(2)Recorded 62 species of Nematus in China,including 16 known species and 46 new species;described morphological features of all new species,such as body color,head,thorax,abdomen,puncture,microsculpture and so on.(3)62 species of Nematus in China and 3 species from abroad(N.lucidus(Panzer,1801),N.japonicus(Takeuchi,1921)and N.septentrionalis(Linne,1758)),a total of 65 species are classified into 11 groups;and a key to the 11 groups of Nematus is also provided.Plates of major morphological characteristics and adult genitals of 65 species are provided.Based on COI,NaK and TPI sequences,including 57 COI sequences,54 NaK sequences and 48 TPI sequences in this study,and 39 COI sequences and 39 NaK sequences download from Genbank database,the phylogenetic relationships of Nematinae were analyzed,the results are as follows:(1)The sequence composition characteristics of COI,NaK,TPI and COI&NaK&TPI datasets are analyzed,respectively;and the results are as follows:the sequence lengths are 810bp,952bp,618bp and 2378bp respectively;the corresponding proportion of conserved sites of the four datasets are 58.9%,68.7%,50.3%and 60.9%;the content of A+T of the four datasets are 70.3%,45.2%,51.2%and 55.3%;compared the genetic distances among COI,NaK and TPI datasets,the average value of TPI gene is the largest,followed by COI gene,and NaK gene is the smallest;these indicated that there are significant differences in interspecific inheritance of Nematinae among COI,NaK and TPI.(2)Bayesian phylogenetic tree and maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Nematinae based on COI,NaK,TPI,COI&NaK&TPI,COI&Genbank,NaK&Genbank and COI&NaK&Genbank datasets are constructed respectively;and trees with two methods are generally consistent.(3)Caulocampus,Kerita,Pseudodineura,Endophytus,Craterocercus,Hemichroa,Platycampus,Anoplonyx and Fallocampus always located in the base position in all trees,and these genera as the basal genera of Nematinae are verified;also the Nematus,Pristiphora and Euura as the higher Nematinae are verified.(4)Monophyletic of Cladius,Hemichroa,Pristiphora and Fagineura are verified;because species of these genera always constituted as one branch respectively in all trees.(5)The relationships among Platycampus,Anoplonyx and Fallocampus are close,and they are the related genera possibly;the relationships among Nematus,Pristiphora and Fagineura are close,and they are the related genera possibly.(6)The new generic classification of Nematinae proposed by Prous et al.(2014)is verified.(7)Nematus ruyanus and Nematus dengi,even Nematus ruyanus group and Nematus dengi group are most likely belong to Euura;but we need more evidence to support it.(8)If we do not consider Nematus ruyanus and Nematus dengi,both Nematus and Euura are monophyletic. |
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