Study Of Raman Spectroscopy Detection&Instrumentation For In Vivo Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Tissue

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in head and neck,which occurs in the top and side walls of the nasopharyngeal cavity,without obvious symptoms in the early stages.The routine examination method is using white light endoscopy as a tool to biopsy on suspicious tissue sites according to the experience of clinicians,for pathologic diagnosis.Frequently,when nasopharyngeal carcinoma was diagnosed,the tumor has often turned to advanced stages.For early stages of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(?,?),the 5-year overall survival rate is more than 75%,if carried out with proper treatments.On the contrary,the 5-year survival rate was less than that of 52%in the advanced stages(III or IV).Consequently,diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma as soon as possible with timely treatment,is critical to the enhancement of the survival rate for patients.Therefore,seeking a new real-time,non-invasive detection tool is of great importance for objective and effective clinical diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Detection methods based on spectral techniques,such as Raman spectroscopy,reflectance spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,could provide molecular level biochemical information for tissue,and it has large advantages in the detection and localization of human disease,which has been widely concerned and studied for clinical trials in the biomedical fields,including the diagnosis of kinds of diseases and tumors.In this paper,Raman spectroscopy,reflectance spectroscopy,surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate ex vivo biopsies and swab smear samples of nasopharyngeal tissues,and a multi-modes of optical imaging and spectroscopy detection system was designed and constructed based on nasopharyngoscope for clinical diagnosis.Preliminary clinical tests were performed on patients in vivo,with the hope of providing a new optical method of non-invasive diagnosis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Firstly,the characteristics of incidence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,as well as the features of its diagnosis and treatment were introduced.The significance and challenges of improving survival rate was also shown.Then the basic principle and features of optical detection techniques was revealed,such as Raman spectra,reflectance spectroscopy and fluorescence imaging techniques.Introduction was also stated for the applications of these techniques in biomedical application,especially the progress in the diagnosis of tumors.Secondly,study were carried out to detect the spectra characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro detection spectrum:using high wave number Raman spectra to explore the utility and significance of high wave number Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma;reflectance spectrum of in virtro nasopharyngeal tissues were collected in order to investigate the usefulness of reflectance spectra for nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection;for the first time,conventional Raman spectroscopy,surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy were introduced to detect features of the smears of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues,hoping to explore a kind of nondestructive,rapid,sensitive detection method by nasopharyngeal smears,in order to provide a method for routine clinical detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and clinical screening.These results provide a basic and useful experience for the further study of Raman spectra for in vivo detection.Then,the endoscopic fluorescence imaging system,Raman optical fiber probe and fast Raman spectroscopy system were designed and developed respectively,which were finally integrated as a compact system for in vivo imaging and spectroscopy detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC),which provide a research tool for the following multi-mode optical detection of nasopharyngeal tissues in vivo.In the end,the primary application of the endoscopic fluorescence imaging and spectra detection system was carried out,in which the potential of the system was validated for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.The results show that high wavenumber Raman spectroscopy as well as reflectance spectroscopy is helpful for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,and the application of Raman spectroscopy and SERS on swab smears would be a simple minimal invasive screening method for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro.The developed endoscopic imaging and spectral detection system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be utilized as a quick,noninvasive tool to acquire real-time white light fluorescent images,Raman spectroscopy(both high wavenumber and finger print)of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vivo,which together has the potential and prospect on enhancing the effectiveness for diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma as a new diagnostic method.