The Risks And Prevention Of The Government Purchasing Public Service From The Social Organization

In recent years,governments at all levels have the introduction of market competition mechanism in the field of public services,by qualified enterprises and social organizations to provide public services,the government gradually realized by"producers"to"management",our country has become the new way of public service reform is the government purchase of public services.However,government procurement of public services is still in its infancy,there are still various risks in all aspects of the purchase and has not yet formed a sound risk management mechanism.Therefore,this paper attempts to introduce the theory of risk management into the process of government procurement of public services.On the background and significance of this purchase of public service from the government,supported by theories analysis,Analysis theoretical achievements and practical achievements of government purchase of public services at home and abroad;and then seek the inner source of risks from practice,systematically expounds the potential risks of government procurement of public services in five aspects of planning,decision-making,implementation,evaluation and supervision;analysis of main causes of risk range of these three aspects and from the lack of mechanism,and the idea behind the behavior of loss;finally,on the basis of learning from the advanced experience of the United States,Britain,Canada,Japan and Hongkong region,combined with China's national conditions,to build the government's public service risk management mechanism.Mainly includes eight parts:The first part is the introduction,mainly explains the research background and research significance of this paper,the research status at home and abroad,namely the domestic and foreign literature review,the overall framework of the thesis and research methods,and the innovation and difficulties.The second part is the theoretical foundation of the thesis,mainly related concepts analysis of government purchases of public services,including the definition of government purchase of public service concept,mode,specific operation process and risk connotation;then introduced the theoretical basis of government purchase of public services,including the new public management theory,polycentric governance theory,and transaction cost comprehensive performance theory,Domino theory and risk management theory,and the theory of government purchase in steps and methods of the significance of public service,for the following theoretical bedding.The third part mainly introduces the background of the government purchase of public services,and on this basis,focuses on the specific case of Haidian District of Beijing Putuo District of Shanghai Gulou District of Nanjing Gulou District of Fuzhou city government purchase of public services,including sanitation cleaning,pension services and other related fields of practice.The fourth part combined with the risk decomposition method(WBS-RBS)to identify risks,on the five aspects of the government purchasing public service namely,planning,decision-making,implementation,evaluation,supervision and management of potential risk,lack of legal regulations of information asymmetry risk,project selection risk and vulnerability risk cost of capital purchase plan,market risk,operational risk,management risk,low quality of service contracts and non equalization risk,trust risk,evaluation of risk,the lack of science evaluation of the main single risk,government rent-seeking risk and moral hazard risk dynamic management and supervision is not in place for Identification and evaluation of.The fifth part mainly fromthe absence of mechanism--the purchasing rules of institutional environment,the lagging of ideas--the service consciousness of behavior guidance,behavior Anomie--the subject of behavior supportthe three aspects to analysis of the causes of the potential risk factors of government procurement of public services in china.The sixth part based on typical for our government to buy possible risk in every link of public service system,and from a lack of mechanism,lagging concept and behavior anomie Angle analyzes the cause of the potential risk.The planning and selection of contractors,mainly around the choice of the contractor and may from a series of risk;Imolement and monitor link is the main task of the real-time dynamic supervision contractor takes office,and to evaluate the results,which mainly around the contract execution supervision and management and a series of risks is feasible.Based on this,taking contract as breakpoints,risk strategy behavior of different period were analyzed,and choose the optimal strategy of risk aversion.The seventh part mainly introduces the United States,Britain,Canada,Japan,Hongkong and other regions of the government Chinese how to take measures to control the risk management of government purchase of public services among the potential risks,and on the basis of the analysis in the area of risk management measures to control our success and failure,gain and loss of government purchase of public service risk significance.The eighth part of the purchase of public service from the government of the border,and according to the government purchase of public services planning,decision-making,implementation,evaluation,supervision and other five aspects,try to put forward methods of risk prevention and control from the perspective of legal system,ideology and social practice,formed a scientific and efficient system of interlocking.Through analysis,the following conclusions are drawn:Firstly,the boundary of government purchasing public service is the starting point of risk control,and the reasonable and scientific range of public service purchase is conducive to the optimal allocation of resources.On the basis of foreign experience,we should abandon the"shuaibaofu"concept,strengthen the government purchase of public service responsibility consciousness;from the public interest angle,carefully select the purchase project,establish the corresponding feasibility analysis system,promote public service standardization construction and improve the decision-making procedure;clear government public service purchase the scope and criteria and clarify the key and the purchase order.Second,control the government to buy public service program link risk.Mainly from the perfect laws and regulations system,deepen the information disclosure mechanism,standardize the government three aspects of the purchase behavior to proceed,in strict accordance with the public demands to develop rigorous,scientific and effective system of government purchase plan.Third,control the government to buy public service decision-making risk.A lot of the risk of government purchase of public services are in the decision-making process had been foreshadowed,therefore,we should perfect the pricing principle,carry out cost-benefit assessment;set up pre review system;perfecting government purchase of public service funds management system,including perfecting financial budget system,and promote the social diversified investment subject;regulate market order.Truly at the beginning of the decision will be able to quasi direction,to avoid risks.Fourth,the control of the government to buy public service implementation risk.There are part of the implementation of government purchasing public service risk more,therefore,we should perfect the contract management mechanism,improve the contract writing,contract procedures,contract supervision and contract disputes and other social organizations;greatly enhance the credibility and ability to undertake public service;enhance the social identity of the government purchases of public services.In order to reduce the probability of occurrence of the risk of the implementation of the link,for the government to purchase public service projects to lay a good foundation for the smooth implementation of social.Fifth,control the government to buy public service assessment link risk.The scientific assessment is the basic premise of the implementation of reward and punishment,but also the purchase of public service for the government to provide valuable information and experience.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a scientific and effective performance evaluation system.Sixth,to control the government to buy public service regulatory risk.The government purchase of public services means that the government needs to take responsibility for supervision and management,more important it should improve the supervision and management mechanism,including the internal supervision,strengthen its supervision,strengthen economic supervision and external supervision--commissioned by regulatory agencies,pay attention to social supervision;strengthen the government to purchase public service concept;relief system and the establishment of government guarantee of compensation;improve the incentive and restraint mechanism;cultivation of social organization.Seventh,first of all,under the condition of asymmetric information,mixed strategy Nash equilibrium in the traditional competitive strategy is the result of the l-shaped bidders to win,the government cannot accurately determine the purchase price of public service,also can't identify who has the ability to provide high-quality public services,government faces project value appraisal and contractors to identify risks,bidding procedures lose value.Secondly,based on the signal transmission of sequential game model results show that only when choosing to hide information is the high cost,L bidders don't disguise to get the government and the public service contractor of signal game model is the only discernible refining bayesian equilibrium.Therefore,how to promote the bidders disguise cost is the best strategy to avoid the contractor identify risk,indirectly,to help the government achieve value evaluation.Eighth,the performance of the contractor selection probability(?~*)is negatively related to the cost of government regulation(SC),the regulatory cost increase the size of the case,the government regulation alone is difficult to achieve ideal effect;Was found at the same time,the contractor to cheat the government behavior probability(p),and after the discovery of accept punishment(Pun)and the government's regulatory probability negative correlation(?~*),and the press about the performance of the contractor probability(?)are related,so the higher the efficiency of government supervision,after the discovery of the punishment,the more,the greater the probability of outsourcing contractors according to the contract to complete the project;Moreover,the contractor will always choose to cheat if the cost of supervision is above compensation.Ninth,probability(?)and the performance of the contractor to the government to accept the public supervision and punishment(GP)were positively correlated,so avoid process risk feasible strategy is to increase the government supervision of punishment.Introducing competition supervision through the implementation of public service outsourcing projects will help reduce the probability of the contractor defaulting on the project.The innovation of this paper as the following:First of all,this paper defines the boundary of government purchasing public service.The transaction cost theory and comprehensive performance,a public service is not equal to the production,can be separated to a public service by the end who produced,mainly depends on who is in the production of public services more efficient,in other words,the lowest cost producers,the highest comprehensive efficiency.It can be seen that,based on the theory of transaction cost,it is reasonable to define whether a public service is produced by the organization or purchased from the market.And come from the theoretical analysis,whether it is scientific and reasonable definition of government purchase of public service boundary,one of the most important embodiment is whether it can prevent or reduce the adverse selection in the main under asymmetric information and moral hazard problems occur,from the cost point of view,that is with the lowest transaction cost control.Secondly,this article divides the government to purchase the public service five links reasonably,and introduces the risk management theory.At present,there is lack of relevant laws and regulations,the purchase of public service program extreme is not standard,supervision effectiveness,serious shortage of every kind of risk that our government purchase of public services,low quality and low quantity of public service which is bound to the output,the original goal to realize the government purchase of public services.This paper try to practice the theory of risk management will be introduced to the government purchase of public services of risk management,the risk identification and risk control of the five links to the interpenetration of government purchase of public services,planning,decision-making,implementation,evaluation,supervision,recognition and insight into the nature of government purchase of public services to find out risk risk.The policy,tool or means to seek or avoid the risk of purchase,to ensure the quality and efficiency of public services.In this paper,using the risk management theory and the research target is mainly to enterprises or social organization to secure government purchase of public services,and to seek appropriate social organizations or enterprises as agent or contractor,to a certain extent,but also conform to the trend of innovation of multi subject cooperative governance and social management.