| Urban public transportation bears a distinct attribute of serving for public welfare,which provides important support for the travel of city dwellers,it is closely related to social production and the lifestyle of urban residents,to urban economic operation and social development,and is an important infrastructure and major livelihood project.The above features require that urban public transportation has to operate with low price and provide good service at the same time.The basic contradiction is the primary cause that leads to the loss of bus companies.However,in actual subsidy process,how to deal with the losses permitted by policy and the losses caused by the operation of bus companies is the focus and difficult point of the study of bus subsidy.Besides,the influence of the subsidy object and subsidy mode on the travel behavior of urban residents and the efficiency of public transport subsidy are also focuses of the study of subsidy for public transportation.Therefore,with urban public transportation as the object of study,this paper starts with the design of subsidy mechanism,and investigates the relationship between the operation of the bus enterprises and the travel behavior of the traveler,the efficiency on different subsidy levels,the monitoring strategies of public services and etc.The following aspects are included:To find out the systematic influence factors and systematic environment based on the scope and features of urban public transportation system;to analyze the status quo and existing problems of public transportation subsidy in China,as well as current public transportation subsidy methods on the basis of summarizing the development of China’s public transportation policy.From the analysis of the behavior of public transportation enterprises under asymmetric information,this paper reviews the principal-agent relationship between government,public transportation enterprises and travelers.This paper discusses the application of the model to the subsidy mechanism based on the service level of the bus routes,and analyzes the influence of the relevant parameters on the model in the calculation of public transportation subsidy,which provides useful suggestions when applying this model to actual public transportation regulations.It also provides practical suggestions for the government and public transportation enterprises when signing the contract of subsidy for public transportation.With the purpose of studying the interaction mechanism between travel behavior and subsidy for public transportation,a hierarchical Logit model of urban transportation network including bus and private car is established based on the theory of discrete selection model.In this model user equilibrium is satisfied from the following three levels: road network travel demand,partition of public transportation modes,and partition of travel routes.In this paper,the genetic algorithm and MSA(Method of Successive Averages)algorithm are used to solve the bi-level programming model,and the model is analyzed by an example.The correlated influence of travel behavior and public transportation subsidy is revealed,and reasonable suggestions for optimizing the subsidy mechanism are put forward.In order to analyze the efficiency of subsidy for public transportation,this paper adopts multi-agent reinforcement learning theory to construct a multi-modal traffic network based on multi-agent simulation.With the method of computational experimental,the corresponding experimental scenarios are designed.And the influence of subsidy for public transportation on the choice of travel mode,on travel cost,on the level of public transportation service supply,and on the operation status of the bus enterprise etc.are investigated.The data produced by the experiment are analyzed,and useful references are provided for the implementation of subsidies.This paper studies the subsidy for public transportation from the follow dimensions.The problem of calculating losses permitted by policy and operational losses is solved through the design of incentive mechanism before subsidy.Useful suggestions are provided by studying subsidy methods and subsidy efficiency.The above research achievements will provide systematic methods for the regulation of public transportation and implementation of subsidy for public transportation. |
