The Brewing And Exploration Of China's Economic Reform From 1976 To 1978

1976 when the Cultural Revolution ended to 1978 before the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee is called the two years that went ahead in the wandering in the history of party.The two years are the hub linking before the reform and opening up and after the reform and opening up.Besides,they are the gestation period of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee to confirm to shift the key emphasis in work and carry out the Reform and Opening-up Policy and other major decisions.Many economic policies between the two years the Party's correct measures before the Cultural Revolution.At the same time,the economic reform after 1979 began.Therefore,the research about the brewing and exploring of Chinese Economic Reform between 1976 and 1978 can connect before the reform and opening up and after the reform and opening up.It has important significance to research the origin of reform and opening up.Political activities play an important role in promoting the economy.In order to deal with the situation that Mao Zedong died as well as politics and ideology changed after smashing the gang of four,central high-level power changed a lot;many veteran revolutionaries came back;the "left" faction was cleared.Faced with ideological crisis,Deng Xiaoping made a point that understand Mao Zedong thought completely and accurately and strongly promoted the reform.As a result,his political influence is highlighted.But Hua Guofeng stuck to the old ideology.So he couldn't integrate all kinds of political forces and his authority was gradually lost.In the face of the backward economy,the central government implemented a series of rectification measures:published "On the Ten Major Relationships" to clarify the orientation of economic policy;strengthened economic regulation and recovery to speed up the pace of economic development;reaffirmed the target of realizing "four modernizations";showed the trend that focus on economic construction.The liberation of thought is the forerunner of economic reform.Before the debate on the criterion for truth,there was a big discussion in the field of economic thought.Economy theory field,policy researchers and leadership took the theory of criticizing the gang of four as an opportunity,clarified the correct connotation of "theory of the unique importance of productive forces" to justify developing the productive forces.Besides,they reestablished the socialist principle of distribution according to work and affirmed the rationality of material incentives.Meanwhile,they promoted confidently the production of goods and the exchange of goods under the socialist system,developed commodity economy and opened the gap for the market economy.What's more,they emphasized that act obey the market law,affirmed the role of the law of value to provide the possibility of market play its role.Establishing economy legislation and judiciary was not only the basic work of economic development,but also an important aspect of the rule of law.The liberation of economic thought laid the ideological foundation for economic reform.There was also a new dimension in the consolidation and recovery of the economy.People paid more attention to the economic efficiency of enterprises and the quality.Article 30 the industry systematically summarized the experience of the reorganization of the enterprise of the first three decades.As for the type of distribution,reestablished the principal status of the distribution according to work and recovered rewards and piece-rate system.Reboot the reorganization of enterprises by professional collaboration.This kind of bringing order out of chaos restored the correct route before the Cultural Revolution.Besides,it was a self-abandonment which contained the factors of economic reform.Local spontaneous reform also broke through the original system.Sichuan province tries to expand corporate autonomy.Anhui,Sichuan and other provinces to produce rural households continue to deepen.Rural community enterprises developed and grew.All of these bred the strength of our economic reform.Economic reform measures which had a clear exploratory had great importance whether at the time,or in the historical context of the establishment of a socialist market economy.Open was reform too.China's reform and opening up was an organic unity of reform and opening up at the beginning:opening up promoted reform;reform implemented the results of opening up.After the Cultural Revolution China began to open the door and set off a boom of study tour.The delegation had great interest in Economic Management System of Eastern European Socialist Countries,Japan and other East Asian countries' fast path of achieving the modernization,the Euramerican developed modern achievements and science and technology level.A Strong Disparity between China and Western Economic Development stimulated the Chinese leadership reformed the economic management system,boldly learned from foreign advanced economic management methods and speeded up the pace of modernization.Some major reforms in the foreign economic system began to breed:They implemented the export orientation foreign trade system;planned to establish a foreign export processing zone;introduced the foreign capital and technology;broke the restricted area of foreign exchange and lesrned advanced enterprise management methods.The central high-level discussion of economic reform gradually reached a consensus,finally formed and determined in State Council meeting on theoretical matters and Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party(including the Central Working Conference).The State Council meeting on theoretical matters summed up the economic development since the founding of both positive and negative experience and gave the following advices around how to speed up China's four modern construction speed:put forward the economic system reform;learn foreign advanced experience in economic construction and actively introduce foreign advanced technology and equipment.These issues brewed the idea of reform and opening up.The summary report of the meeting became an important part of the 1978 Central Working Conference.It was also the foundation of proposing to shift the key emphasis in work and carry out the Reform and Opening-up Policy for the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee.The central working conference put forward shift focus to the modernization construction and continued to discuss the issue of economic reform.It also discussed about debate on Standards for Judging the Truth,redressing individual injustices and personal adjustment.What's more,it established the correct political line,ideological line and organizational line and laid the foundation for reform and opening up.At last,the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee fully opened the road of economic reforms.