Research On The Efficiency Of Government Purchase Of Public Employment Services

Employment,which bears people's livelihood and national stability,is of economic,social,and political significance.At present,the supply of public employment service(hereinafter referred to as PES)of China is confronted with the demand and supply imbalance(as demand exceeding supply),multiple suppliers of PES,an upsurge in human resource market,and the national support of government purchase.In this circumstance,PES of China is promoted to an unprecedented status by local policy documents and safeguard mechanisms,which advances the rapid growth of government purchase of PES.In the wake of the expansion of government purchase,the weaknesses of irrational input of government purchase in PES,the low efficiency in performance,and the lag of performance assessment are magnified.Therefore the government purchase is in dire need of a transformation in input management,resource allocation,and system construction.Based upon the situation,this essay employs a research on the efficiency of government purchase of PES,providing reference to the efficiency assessment,operational management,and administration for the government purchase.A scientific and rational efficiency analysis framework is the key of the efficiency study on the government purchase in PES.Consequently,this essay in detail discusses the theoretical possibility on establishing the efficiency analysis framework of government purchase in PES,which can be carried out from the following two aspects.On the one hand,the execution of policies shall derive political benefits.As a systematic supply of public services,the government purchase of PES enjoys political benefits against resource allocation,cost reduction,and institution construction.On the other hand,the subject of government efficiency studies the acquisition of a certain political benefit with the least resource input.Accordingly,less resource input will incur a higher government efficiency;otherwise,lower.As a result,the efficiency study on the government purchase in PES can be ascribed to the achievement of a highest cost/efficiency ratio in acquiring benefits against resource allocation,cost reduction,and institution construction.By virtue of the above analyses,from the perspectives of benefits on resource allocation,cost reduction,and institution construction,this essay divides the efficiency in government purchase into the distributive,technological,and institutional efficiency,and establishes a framework based on the combination of the above three efficiencies,thus a deepening analysis on the efficiency in government purchase.In terms of the layout of efficiency analysis,the three efficiencies respectively enjoy positions and emphases.In view of the research,the distributive efficiency mainly refers to the resource input and structure in purchase,with emphasis on medium and macro studies.In terms of the technological efficiency,it briefly talks about the input and output of government purchase,with the focus on micro analysis.As for institutional efficiency,it is carried out during the whole government purchase,and is more inclined to medium analysis.In view of the research methods,this essay employs a general analysis on the distributive efficiency and technological efficiency,which is started with the positive analysis through TOPSIS,DEA,Malmquist,and TOBIT.By virtue of the features of China in institutional construction,the institutional efficiency is applicable to a special analysis,which is unfolded from a normative analysis.By virtue of the above framework,it is concluded that:As for the distributive efficiency in government purchase of PES,the overall distributive efficiency of China remains to be raised as the efficiencies of provinces vary dramatically,among which the efficiencies of large provinces(in population and labor)are relatively higher,while smaller,lower.Accordingly,the distributive efficiency is closely and positively linked to the economy,population,and labor of a region.In terms of regional disparity,the efficiency of eastern regions is higher than that of central regions,which,in turn,overweighs that of western regions.This phenomenon is basically compliant to the economic development of the regions,implying a remarkably positive correlation between government purchase and economic development.In terms of technological efficiency,the comprehensive technological efficiency of government purchase in PES is relatively lower,which remains in the moderately invalid zone of DEA,and has seen a slow downward trend.It is because of the decline of scale efficiency from the public institutions to for-profit institutions in government purchase.Generally speaking,the efficiency in central regions is higher than that of eastern regions,which,in turn,overweighs that of western regions.From the perspective of fluctuation trend,Total Factor Productivity(TFP)increases progressively,which is mainly driven by the progress in vocational education technologies including distance education,and the upsurge in operational capability of employment training institutions.Beyond that,the underdeveloped regions enjoy a TFP which is about to surpass that of developed regions.Look through the causes,the technological efficiency in government purchase of PES is positively correlated with GDP per capita,the wider adoption of market principle,and the government financial capacity;while enjoys a negative correlation against labor education,the unemployment rate of urban residents,and the mobility of population.Moreover,there is no significant relation between the technological efficiency and urbanization.See from the institutional efficiency,the government purchase in PES,as the supply institutional design,shall take the achievement of distributive and technological efficiency as the standard of compliance.It has been proved by the contract theory that the distributive and technological efficiency can be achieved by the active mechanisms of government purchase in public services.In real world,the government purchase of PES,which is potentially risky,shall be based upon certain institutional environment.By comparison,there is a sensible system vacancy in the government purchase of public services,which can be manifested by a lack of legal safeguards,normative efficiency assessment system,sustainable input mechanism of government purchase,scientific supportive policies on human resource market,and perfect administration.By virtue of the analyses,this essay,against the issues and deficiencies in government purchase of PES,puts forward the following five recommendations: 1)change the philosophies of governance,and reposition the government functions;2)formulate financial investment plans,and establish a stable and reasonable input mechanism in government purchase;3)integrate the regional resource of employment services,and push forward the balanced development of government purchase in public services;4)support human resource industries,and raise the business capacity of the market in service acceptance;5)carry out the reforms on supporting systems,and perfect the administration.