| The occupational fraud behavior of senior management of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)caused a huge loss of state-owned assets.It seriously impacts efficiency of the SOEs’ reforms.The typical effects of senior management of SOEs,have systemic effects on other internal members of the enterprise,thus the occupational fraud behavior hinder development.The occupational fraud behavior of senior management of SOEs can be regarded as the economic behavior derived by both external and psychological factors.The external factors include cost information,earnings information and probability information.Psychological factors are the internal cause of the behavior,which will produce the significant influence on the process of the behavior.Therefore,to explore the formation mechanism of the occupational fraud of senior management of SOEs,we need to study the characteristics of the process of fraud,external factors of senior management of SOEs,and the influence of psychological factors,under the unified analysis framework.In other words,to explain the occupational fraud behavior of SOEs executives,we should satisfy two conditions.The first condition is when we explain the occupational fraud behavior of senior management of SOEs,we should consider both the psychological factors and external factors as an organic whole.The second condition,we should construct an analytical framework which could integrate the psychological factors and external factors together.Behavioral economics is a combination production of the cognitive psychology and the traditional economics.Behavioral economics makes the bounded rationality as the basic assumption,brings the psychological factors into the analysis framework again,and focuses on the role of psychological factors in economic behavior mechanism.From the subject nature,Behavioral economics is the history evolution of the traditional economics.Behavioral economics does not exclude traditional economics in its theoretical system and denies its theoretical logic.As it retains the cost-benefit analysis framework of the traditional economics,and explores the comprehensive mechanism of psychological factors and external factors,under the unified analysis framework(condition 2).Therefore,behavioral economics explores the effects of psychological factors on the fraud behavior,considering the external factors,thus modify and expand the existing principles of economics,improve the interpretation of economics model(conditions 1).Through the analysis of above,behavioral economics could provide a unified analysis framework,and explore the integrated mechanism of the psychological factors and external factors.Thus,can effectively explains and predicts the economic activities.Based on the above explanations,this paper explores the formation mechanism of the occupational fraud behavior of senior management of state-owned enterprises and the corresponding control strategies from the perspective of behavioral economics.However,behavioral economics which is applied to the analysis of occupational fraud behavior of state-owned enterprise executives fraud and related influencing factors is not the same as the traditional game theory,which provides an operational cost benefit analysis framework.this provides the reasonable analysis framework for the core research question,the forming mechanism of the occupational fraud behavior of senior management of state-owned enterprises.Therefore,based on the perspective of behavioral economics,this paper transforms the process of cost benefit analysis of the occupational fraud of senior management of state-owned enterprises into the psychological process of fraud information,which is regarded as the information process of fraud cost,benefit,probability under the influence of psychological factors.Analyzing the psychological process of fraud information systematically,with the heuristic theory,prospect theory and time preference theory,this provides the reasonable analysis framework for the core research question,the forming mechanism of the occupational fraud behavior of senior management of state-owned enterprises.Secondly,based on existing research framework of behavioral economics,this paper explore important psychological factors,which include overconfidence,time preference and risk appetite.Based on the psychological process of occupational fraud information,this paper analyzed the mechanism of related psychological factors on the occupational fraud behavior of senior management of SOEs.Based on the special control of state-owned enterprises and incentive contract arrangement,this paper construsted situational simulated experiment of occupational fraud behavior of senior management of SOEs,tested the effectiveness of the psychological factors mechanism.Furthermore,this paper constructed the econometric model of occupational fraud,test the extent of relationship between the psychological factors and the tendency of occupational fraud of senior management of SOEs.Moreover,this paper explores the difference in the degree of influence of related psychological factors,in the same behaviors,and the difference of influence same psychological factors,in the different behaviors,which was regarded as the basic guarantee of the control strategy of occupational fraud behavior of senior management of state-owned enterprises.Finally,based on the inherent requirement of China’s economic transformation and position characteristics,this paper embed the psychological factors of the mechanism into the control strategy of occupational fraud,from three dimensions which includes incentives,supervision,and punishment.Put forward the state-owned enterprise executive fraud control strategy under the limited rationality.This paper maked use of the multiplier effect of psychological factors,effectively restrained the fraud tendency of SOEe executives.The structure of chapters are as follows:Chapter 1,Introduction.Mainly discusses the research background,research significance of the paper,the research objectives,research contents,technical routes and research methods.Chapter 2,Literature Review.According to the different of research variable,we clarify the status of the occupational fraud of senior management from the perspective of macro,meso,micro.Chapter 3,The Definition of Related Concept and Theoretical Basis.We define the connotation of senior management of SOEs,the occupational fraud of senior management of SOEs,the information of occupational fraud.Futher,we introduce the specific content of information processing theory,heuristic theory,prospect theory and time preference theory.Chapter 4,The Construct of Decision Analysis Framework of Occupational Fraud and the Extraction of Related Psychological Factors.Based on heuristic theory,prospect theory and time preference theory,we systematically analyze the information process of the occupational fraud of senior management of state-owned enterprises,construct the analysis framework of occupational fraud.Further,we extract the related psychological factors which have the significant influence on the information process,based on the recent study framework of behavior economics.Chapter 5,The Research on the Mechanism of Psychological Factors on the Occupational Fraud of Senior Management of SOEs.Based on the information process of the occupational fraud of senior management of SOEs,we analyze the mechanism of psychological factors on the occupational fraud of senior management of SOEs,and put forward the related research hypothesis.Chapter 6,The Experimental test of the Mechanism of Psychological Factors on the Occupational Fraud of Senior Management of SOEs.We design the occupational fraud scenario simulation experiment of senior management of SOEs,test the effectiveness of the mechanism of psychological factors.Chapter 7,The Econometric test of the Mechanism of Psychological Factors on the Occupational Fraud of Senior Management of State-owned Enterprises.We take the stability test of the mechanism of psychological factors on the occupational fraud,by the econometric method.Further,we analyze the difference in the degree of influence of overconfident,time preference and risk preference.Chapter 8,The Research on the Control Stragety of the Occupational Fraud Behavior of Senior Management of SOEs.Based on the internal requirements of economic transformation and the job characteristics,we put forward the control strageties of the occupational fraud behavior of senior management of SOEs,from the perception of incentive mechanism,supervision mechanism and punishment mechanism.Chapter 9,The Research Conclusions and Prospect.We briefly summarize the research conclusion,put forward the weakness of our research and possible research direction.According to the structure of research,this paper gets the conclusion as follows:Overconfidence could constraint the search process of the fraud information.The tendency of occupational fraud is significantly difference between high degree overconfidence actors and low overconfidence degree actors.After the implementation of regret negative emotional stimuli,the occupational fraud tendency of high degree overconfidence actors had significant difference.After the implementation of negative regret emotional stimuli,the occupational fraud tendency of high degree overconfidence actors have significant difference.After the implementation of positive regret emotional stimuli,the occupational fraud tendency of low degree overconfidence actors had significant difference.Compared with individual decision model,group decision model could improve the degree of overconfidence of actors,enhance the fraud tendency.Time preference could produce the time edit constraint for the occupational fraud.When the cost and the income have the time lag,the occupational fraud tendency could have the significant difference between the high time preference difference degree actors and low time preference difference degree actors.The difference of the time distance of cost and income,will make the fraud tendency have the significant difffernet,between the actors who have the same time preference difference degree.Risk appetite could produce the utility evaluation constraint for the occupational fraud.In the condition of high risk,the occupational fraud tendency of high degree risk appetite actors has significant difference.Different risk preference degree actors of SOEs have the significant difference in the openness trait and conscientiousness trait,but have no significant difference in the extroversion trait,neurotic trait and appropriate trait.For the same risk appetite degree of actors,the same number of state changes based on the reference point,the actors of loss interval have higher fraud tendency than the actors of gains interval.With the change of the decision-making reference point,under the same condition of the fraud,the differenc of reference point position makes the fraud tendency of actors different.The actors under the negative emotion have the higher fraud tendency than the actors under the position emotion.Different negative emotions have different effect on the fraud tendency.The actors under the anger emotion have the higher fraud tendency than the actors under the fear emotion.Overconfidenc and risk appetite have the significan different influence on the fraud tendency between the high fraud tendency actors and the low fraud tendency actors.The actors that have high tendency for fraud are more likely to be influenced by the overconfidence and risk appetite than the actors that have low tendency for fraud.But the influence of religion on the fraud tendency,had no significant different between different fraud tendcy actors.The relationship between open trait,conscientiousness trait and fraud tendency,had significant differences between different actors.The relationship between open trait and fraud tendency,the high fraud tendency actors are bigger than the low fraud tendency actors.The relationship between conscientiousness trait and fraud tendency,the low fraud tendency actors are bigger than the high fraud tendency actors.This paper has three possible innovations as following:Research Perspective.The past research on the occupational fraud of senior management of SOEs,have considered the negative impact of psychological factors on the business decisions.The researcher thinks that the negative economic results eventually induce the fraud behavior.But,this kind of research belongs to the indirect method,could not essentially show the mechanism of psychological factors on the occupational fraud of senior management of SOEs.Therefore,this paper directly explores the mechanism of psychological factors on the occupational fraud of senior management of state-owned enterprises,through the mental process of fraud information.Research Method.This paper introduces the experimental method innovatively.Based on the institutional environment and the incentive mechanism of SOEs,this paper constructs the fraud scenario simulation experiment.In the fraud scenario simulation experiment,we obtain the first hand data,which was used to test the accuracy of the mechanism of the psychological factors.This paper overcomes the limition of the traditional empirical methods on the empirical data,which causes errors in research results.At the same time,this paper conduct field researchby the method of questionnaire.We test the stability of experimental research conclusions,based on the first hand data obtained through the questionnaire.Research Result.This paper clear the micro psychological foundation of control strategy of occupational fraud of senior management of SOEs.Based on the control process of occupational fraud:information gathering phase,information editing phase and information evaluation phase.This paper integrates the psychological factors with the control methods(incentive mechanism,supervision mechanism and punishment mechanism),and puts forward the control strategy of occupational fraud of senior management of SOEs. |
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