Research On The Transformation Of Regional Total Factor Productivity In China

Since the reform and opening, our country economy's huge potential for growth to achieve effective release, overall achieved sustained and rapid economic growth, and obtained the attention of the world. Continued accumulation of structure and system problems, however, also planted a lot of hidden trouble, the economic efficiency of declining in recent years, which affects the sustainable economic growth. Since the global financial crisis in 2008, global demand downturn exacerbated problems concentrated outbreak of accumulated over a long period of structure and system in our country, the total factor productivity growth continues to decline, the overall slow growth is inevitable, and serious downside growth in less developed areas but also the pain of the economy as a whole. Institutional and economic structure adjustment problems become the focus of current our country economy reform, the arrangement and system structure of the two big economic theory in the key factor of total factor productivity growth. System, therefore, research on the evolution of regional total factor productivity in China and the influence mechanism of undoubtedly has important theoretical and realistic significance.Combining the basic theory and literature research present situation, this article to our country area TFP evolution characteristics, convergence characteristics and related factors affect the mechanism of the system research. First of all, the calculation analysis our country overall TFP and regional TFP evolution characteristics; Second, check our area TFP convergence characteristics and dynamic evolution trend; Again, check our country economic structure adjustment and regional development policy influence on TFP and its provinces differences; Finally, the analysis of regional development policy of revenue growth and efficiency loss problem, and put forward to realize the sustainable development of regional coordination policy adjustment path.First, the overall economy in our country since the 90 s static technical efficiency at low levels, due to regional differences there are varying degrees of calendar year element structural redundancy, overall TFP evolution in 2008, for increase after decreases, before the source's main contribution to the economic growth is still the capital accumulation. To be specific, the static economic and technical efficiency in China were relatively low during the investigation period, within the temporal evolution characteristics of downward trend, has a tendency to deteriorate further in recent years, the market mechanism is imperfect and the lag of reform of management system configuration structure distortion caused by factors are the main reasons for the economy as a whole technical inefficiency. Due to reasons such as regional economic structure imbalance, the whole production process of structural redundancy of capital and labor problems, elements of the overall configuration efficiency and use efficiency is not high, and single factor productivity has worsen tendency in recent years. Evolution was positively in China since the 90 s TFP growth, but since 2008, continued to deteriorate and showed a negative growth for years, in the sequence of technological progress effect is the main force, promote TFP growth and technical efficiency continued to deteriorate further compressed the TFP growth space. Law in our country are output growth came mainly from capital investment, TFP growth contribution is relatively low.Second, the economic efficiency of economic development in our country there are significant regional differences, static efficiency and dynamic efficiency generally decreasing from east to west, the elements of four regions intensive efficiency within the sequence were presented significant deterioration trend, most of the provinces to promote economic growth is still mainly rely on capital inputs. Specifically, east of static efficiency in the Midwest and northeast sequence within all showed a trend of slow degradation, the average technical efficiency from east to west in arrangement in decreasing the space distribution features of regional differences in the expanding trend evolution in general, the pure technical efficiency in the inspection period is a the significant higher degree of the regional differences of scale efficiency. Four large area of intensive efficiency within the temporal all showed a trend of deterioration, physical capital and human capital ratio imbalance is more prominent, 2003 years ago the regional human capital is far higher than that of physical capital, redundant after 2003, along with the strengthening regional investment into reverse. The expanding trend area of TFP in recent years, the average TFP arrangement in decreasing from east to west, four regions TFP growth came mainly from technological progress to promote; Temporal changes in central and eastern regions continues to accumulate TFP growth and slowing growth in 2008, and other areas have a significant slowdown in 2008 and beyond. Physical capital accumulation is still the first power source to promote the growth of output in most provinces, the regional difference is larger, and the contribution of TFP growth efficiency in the Midwest and northeast deterioration causes loss of output growth is significantly higher than the eastern region.Third, China's regional and TFP growth output per worker in different provinces exist obvious signs of conditional convergence, a multilayer converges in the long run and multi-modal convergence characteristics, physical capital accumulation and improve efficiency is the main factor promoting growth convergence, and human capital accumulation and technology progress is the main factor of growth divergence. Specifically, and TFP output per worker in different provinces of China, there is no absolute convergence, a nationwide and four area there are obvious signs of conditional convergence. Law in our country are output and TFP growth has obvious convergence and higher peak convergence characteristics, in the long term to the ends of agglomeration, output per worker in different provinces and TFP to the high level of concentration; Kernel function estimation showed provinces, we try to further growth in output gap to polarization, relative cumulative TFP level gradually to the ends of the evolvement of the distribution of concentration and a high level of agglomeration faster and the regional gap widening trend; Markov estimates China's output and low liquidity of TFP, most provinces and regions tend to maintain the status quo, the regional distribution change occurs mainly in the neighboring state transfer between, in the long term, the output level among distribution tends to reduce distribution tends to increase on both ends and low level of the highest degree of agglomeration, and TFP significant agglomeration is characterized by a high level and low level. Area there is conditional convergence trend output per worker in different provinces in China, including physical capital accumulation and improve efficiency is the main factor promoting growth convergence, and human capital accumulation and technology progress is the main factor of growth divergence.Fourth, China's overall economic structure adjustment have significant effect on TFP growth, endowment structure and ownership structure characterized by negative effect, and industrial structure and urban and rural structure is characterized by positive effect, the main economic structure variables on TFP growth affects the direction and degree of significant differences between the provinces and autonomous regions. Specifically, capital density growth too fast lead to the elements of using efficiency and allocative efficiency of a larger decline, state-owned industry output value proportion on the degree of intensified efficiency deterioration is greater than the effect of technological innovation, the proportion of added value of the third industry has positive effect on technological progress, but there is a certain degree of loss allocation efficiency, urban and rural structure change on the technological progress and efficiency improvement with dual positive effect and elastic coefficient in the structure of all variables is the largest. From the differences between provinces, capital accumulation too fast elements configuration structure distortion caused by inhibiting the TFP growth in most provinces, only a few provinces performance boost. 13 provinces such as Beijing, jiangsu significant inhibiting effect on the proportion of public ownership, property rights, these provinces marketization degree is relatively high, the public sector of the property right structure will lead to resource allocation efficiency loss; Negative effects in the provinces and regions, the property right structure in fujian, zhejiang and other provinces and autonomous regions of low output value of state-owned share camp appropriately expand the scale of the state-owned economy to improve the overall economic performance, such as jilin, ningxia represented the high level of output value proportion state-owned camp there private economy parasitic dependency relationship of state-owned economic system malformation of linkage mechanism. 9 provinces such as Beijing, Shanghai industrial structure show the positive effect, developed the third industry and its high coordination with industry to further reduce transaction costs, the market to improve the efficiency of the allocation of resources; No significant negative effect of industrial structure and its inspection provinces more industrial backwardness and the tertiary industry is subject to the influence of the internal structure is unreasonable, mainly represented by the Midwest provinces. Urban and rural structure adjustment for the majority of provinces and autonomous regions of TFP growth has significant positive effect, rapid urbanization process to achieve the dual structure of the element configuration effect again, jilin, fujian and other 7 provinces and regions of inhibition effect of urbanization mainly for slow development of non-agricultural industries and urban infrastructure and public service construction relative lag, the carrying capacity of urban.Fifth, regional public investment cause the overall deterioration of TFP growth in our country, the construction of infrastructure and public services have a positive effect on the majority of provinces and autonomous regions of fiscal expenditure, lack of trade openness positive role provinces has the imbalance of trade structure and industrial structure; Effect of regional harmonious development policy in our country there are efficiency and balance the conflicts, promoting free flow in order to give full play to market forces is the path to crack. Specifically, positive and negative effect on growth of TFP infrastructure investment have eight provinces, infrastructure investment spillover effects on economic efficiency significantly, negative effects provinces exist excessive investment and the effect of diminishing returns. Public investment in state-owned enterprises for significant inhibition effect has 16 provinces, nine provinces and autonomous regions have a certain positive role, lead to the inefficiency of state-owned property rights structure is most provinces public investment efficiency loss of the important reasons for the state-owned enterprises. Strength show the positive effect of fiscal expenditure has 15 provinces, for inhibiting effect in the 7 provinces and regions, provinces and autonomous regions are effect from fiscal expenditure structure of education, science and technology investment positive spillover effect, and negative effects provinces mainly from imbalance in the structure of fiscal expenditure and productive investment rent-seeking fuel efficiency deterioration. Promoting effect of trade openness for Shanghai, sichuan and other 10 provinces, Beijing, zhejiang, and most of the mid-west provinces characterized by inhibiting effect, to realize the coordination of trade structure and industrial structure optimization and adjustment to adapt to the need to pay attention to export quality in the central and western regions, while eastern emphasis on the selection of imports. In addition, China's regional harmonious development policy gained a certain degree of income gap effect, but it contributed to the economic growth efficiency gap and timing in income and efficiency of the variation coefficient was significantly negative correlation, regional development policy led to a nationwide and the regional internal resources allocation efficiency loss of double. According to the market mechanism in promoting economic agglomeration developing equal benefits for the elements of the trend, the key to the next round of reform in China should step up the reform of household registration, land system and the market mechanism, especially in less developed areas of institutional change.