Research On Inter-enterprise Technical Co-opetition Under The Perspective Of Patent

With the rapid development of emerging technologies, human society enters knowledge economy era from industrial economy era. Technnical innovation has become a strategic support to the productivity and overall national strength of a country. Therefore technical innovations must be placed at the core position of national development. Since the reform and opening-up, China's economic development is big but not strong, fast but not excellent. Core technologies have been controlled by foreign companies so that China's companies hovered over the bottom of the global value chains. The key to solve the dilemma is to strengthen company's innovation capability. However, because of the in-depth development of science and technology and the integration of interdisciplinary knowledge, the difficulties of the R&D of new technologies rise sharply. It is tough for any company to develop a breakthrough alone. Nowadays, the first lesson for more and more companies is to cooperate with competitors. As a result, competitions between alliances emerge among competitions between companies traditionally.Technical co-opetition is defined as cooperation and competition between competitors in the field of technology R&D. Enterprises cooperate with each other to make the market pie bigger while combat with each other to allocate the pie. Technical co-opetition is an effective means for companies not only to strengthen R&D capabilities, but also speed up the industrialization process of findings in scientific researches. Technical co-opetition is beneficial to enhance the allocation efficiency of industrial resources and form the industry-wide joint force of technological innovation, which lays the foundation for the birth of disruptive technological innovation. Technical co-opetition is an important means to enhance the industry vitality and core competitiveness, guiding domestic enterprises towards high value-added sectors of the industry value-chain, constructing an innovative country based on scientific and technological progress.Technical co-opetition is an important research direction of the enterprise competition theory. Patent is the most concentrated source of competitive technica intelligence. Compared to other data sources, patent statistics analysis enjoys apparent advantages in analyzing the process of technological development when considering the accessibility and quality of the data. Under the perspective of patent, this dissertation integrating theories and methodologies of strategic management, technological innovation, informatics, informetrics and data mining studies co-opetition between enterprises from four perspectives systematically, including the formation mechanism, influence factors, development patterns, and governance strategies. The dissertation is composed of Introduction and seven chapters as follows:Introduction at first introduced the background and significance of the research. It elaborated on current research situation of technical co-opetition, patent intelligence analysis, and comprehensive researches based on these two topics, next summarized the shortcomings of current researches. Finally, the chapter presented the main contents discussed and major methods applied in the dissertation.Chapter ? summarized related researches both on technical competition and patent intelligence in order to lay a solid foundation theoretically and methodologically. First of all, theories on technical competition were organized from three perspectives, including the formation of corporate competitive advantage, creative destruction effect in dynamic competition, and technical co-opetition. Next, theories on patent intelligence were organized from the definition of patent intelligence, its values, similar concepts, and patent intelligence analysis.Chapter ? under the patent perspective discussed the formation of the technical co-opetition between enterprises in order to clarify the logic for empirical studies below. On the one hand, we focused on knowledge spillovers in enterprises technical cooperation, which contributed to patent cooperation over enterprises. And then methods of measuring inter-enterprise cooperative strength and extracting inter-enterprise technical cooperative patterns were suggested based on patent cooperation. On the other hand,. A direct association between patent citation and technical competition was discussed under the perspective of creative destruction. And then, a method of measuring inter-enterprise competition strength was suggested based on patent co-citation. Finally, a method of extraction inter-enterprise technical competition patterns was suggested based on patent citation.Chapter ? discussed the data sources and data analysis methods used in this study in order to serve empirical researches in Chapter ? and Chapter ?. At first Radio Frequency Identification technology (RFID) wais introduced. Next, we collected patent data and its citation relations of101companies which are leading ones in RFID field in China. Finally, Quadratic Assignment Procedure (QAP) used in the Chapter ?, centrality analysis, cliques analysis and block-model analysis used in Chapter ? were introduced.Chapter ? at first reviewed previous researches on influence factors in enterprise technical co-opetition. Considering the significance as well as accessibility from patent intelligence for each factor, we selected technical proximity from technical structure, geographical proximity from geographical advantages, and innovation scale proximity from overall technical strength and studied influence of three factors on enterprise technical co-opetition. QAP analysis was exerted on data collected in Chapter ?.The results indicated that there is a positive correlation between technical partnership and competition; technical proximity, geographical proximity and innovation scale proximity would enhance technical cooperation between enterprises while technology proximity and innovation scale proximity would enhance the technology intensity of competition among enterprises.Chapter ? at first reviewed three perspectives to study technical co-opetition: governance structure, enterprise role, and comparison between cooperation and competition. Next, according to the third perspective, an analysis scheme were put forward including technical cooperation dominant pattern, technical competition dominant pattern, and technical co-opetition equal pattern. We concluded seven patterns by method suggested in Chapter ? and data collected in Chapter ?. Specifically, we discovered three technical cooperation dominant patterns by mining co-assignor network:serial cooperative pattern, balanced cooperative pattern, and intermediary cooperative pattern. We discovered two technical competition dominant patters by mining patent citation network:outward potential competition pattern, cohesive intense competition pattern. We discovered two technical co-opetition equal patterns by mining patent network overall:tilted co-opetition pattern, mutual co-opetition mode.Chapter ? according to findings from empirical studies in Chapter ? and Chapter ? at first summarized issues of technical co-opetition among domestic enterprises. Next suggestions corresponding to three kinds of proximity studied in ? were put forward. Build scale alliance or link alliance in accordance with the difference of enterprises' technical proximity. Construct industrial clusters or virtual enterprise in accordance with the difference of enterprises' geographic proximity. Establish coordination mechanisms and distribution mechanisms based on the in accordance with the difference of enterprises'innovation scale proximity in order to promote a mix strategy both of cooperative innovation and independent innovation. Finally, according to enterprise technical cooperation patterns, competition patterns and co-opetition patterns in Chapter V, corresponding suggestions were put forward. We summarized the application scope of each strategy and depicted the evolutionary relations among these strategies.Chapter ? summarized the main content of the dissertation. At first, we reiterated conclusions. Next, we put forward suggestions for future researches from three perspectives:digging research content, improving research methods, expanding study objects.The dissertation is sponsored by a project of National Natural Science Foundation of China "Research on Intelligent Analysis Models and Methods of Enterprise Competitive Intelligence"(Project ID:71073121).