| The Preview effect refers to the phenomenon of improving the search performance by effectively ignoring or suppressing the previously presented interferents(old stimuli)in the visual search process and searching for the target stimuli only in the later presented disturbers(new stimuli).This is actually an optimization mechanism that can better help individuals improve their learning and work efficiency.Related studies have found that students with learning difficulties have difficulties in learning new knowledge while suppressing old knowledge,for example,they are difficult to suppress information that is not related to the task or is no longer relevant.In the preview search process,if you want to improve search performance,you need to suppress irrelevant information and search only for new stimuli.In order to explore the characteristics of previewing the effects of learning difficulties for students in the preview search,this study examines the preview effect characteristics and the mechanism of students with learning disabilities from a variety of perspectives,including object features,object content,and semantic features,and compares them with learning outstanding students to explore the universality and particularity of the preview effect of students with learning disabilities.This study consists of three parts.The three parts examine the preview effect of students with learning disabilities.The first part is mainly from the perspective of visual processing,to explore the study of preview effects based on the object characteristics of students with learning disabilities,including a total of two experiments to explore the impact of color,shape on the preview effect of students with learning disabilities.The second part is mainly from the perspective of perceptual processing,to study the preview effect of students with learning disabilities based on the content of the object,including a total of two experiments,using eye movement techniques to examine the influence of positive and negative emotional faces on the preview effect of learning impaired students and the mechanism.The third part is mainly from the perspective of semantic processing,to explore the preview effect of learning impaired students based on semantic features,including a total of two experiments to examine the effect of positive and negative emotional words on the preview effect of students with learning disabilities.Experiment 1 studies the effect of color on the preview effect of students with learning disabilities.As a result,it was found that both students with learning disabilities and students with learning outstanding have full preview effect based on color.Compared with students with learning outstanding,the preview effect of students with learning disabilities was weak,that is,the search benefit was poor.Experiment 2 studies the effect of shape on the preview effect of students with learning disabilities.The results show that students with learning disabilities and learning outstanding have produced a partial preview effect based on shape.Compared with students with learning outstanding,the effect of shape-based preview of students with learning disabilities is weak,namely the low search efficiency.The influence of color and shape on the preview effect,we found that colors are better than shapes,and colors and shapes may have independent processing channels.Experiment 3 studies the effect of positive emotional faces on the preview effect of students with learning disabilities.The study finds that students with learning disabilities and students with learning outstanding have a partial preview effect based on positive emotions.Students with learning disabilities have worse preview effects than students with learning outstanding,and the search speed is slower than learning outstanding students.Positive emotional face preview effect generation mechanism supports visual marking theory.Experiment 4 studies the influence of negative emotional faces on the preview effect of students with learning disabilities.The results show that there are partial preview effects based on negative emotional faces both for students with learning disabilities and students with learning outstanding.The preview effect for students with learning disabilities is worse than that of students with learning outstanding.The mechanism for negative emotional face preview effects supports visual marking theory.The preview effect of the positive emotional face is larger than the negative emotional face preview,showing the advantage of priority processing for negative emotional faces.In Experiment 5,the effect of positive emotion words on the preview effect of students with learning disabilities was studied.The results show that students with learning disabilities produce partial preview effects based on positive emotion words,while students with learning outstanding produce full preview effects based on positive emotion words.The preview effect of students with learning disabilities is worse than that of students with learning outstanding,which shows that the search for students with learning disabilities is slow.Experiment 6 studies the influence of negative emotional words on the preview effect of students with learning disabilities.The study finds that students with learning disabilities and students with learning outstanding both produce partial preview effects based on negative emotional words.The preview effect of students with learning disabilities is worse than that of students with learning outstanding.There was an asymmetry phenomenon between positive and negative emotion word in preview search for students with learning outstanding.In summary,in the preview search,students with learning disabilities can have a preview effect on the object features,content and semantics.However,compared with students with learning outstanding,the preview effect of students with learning disabilities has some defects,which is caused by their inhibiting control ability.This research has certain innovation and research significance.First of all,for the first time,this study examines the characteristics of the preview effect of students with learning disabilities.Second,this study for the first time uses Chinese semantic materials to study the preview effect,which has a pioneering significance.Third,this study uses eye-movement technology to explore the mechanism of preview effect and the formation mechanism of learning disabilities.The research results support the visual marking theory,which enriches the theory of preview effects.Fourth,the results of this study can provide theoretical and practical support for education teaching in schools. |
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